Chapter 3

Question 1

Whig Party

Answer 1

England’s first political party, organized and political opposition to the king; Americans later formed their own wig party during the Jacksonian democracy era, but of the two parties did not hold the same ideology.

Question 2

Second treaties of government

Answer 2

John Locke’s work arguing that true political authority comes not from God or precedent but from the people.

Question 3

Glorious Revolution

Answer 3

1688 bloodless English revolution against the king, making the king is subject to parliament; considered a true founding of government.

Question 4

Rule of law

Answer 4

A set of meta-legal principles developed by the English legal system as a way of distinguishing whether a particular law supported Freedom or not.

Question 5

Natural law

Answer 5

Law that classical Greek’s believed resided in the human heart and reflects our innate sense of right and wrong.

Question 6

Natural Rights

Answer 6

Fundamental rights granted by nature that a government cannot abrogate and which government is bound to protect.

Question 7

Common-law

Answer 7

Law that is considered to be from natural law principles framed in precedents set by earlier courts. It was the primary form of law in England.

Question 8

Generality

Answer 8

Rule of law principle that states when laws are made they must apply to broad categories of people and must not single out individuals or groups for special treatment.

Question 9

Prospectivity

Answer 9

Rule of law principle that states laws must apply to future action and not past action.

Question 10

Publicity

Answer 10

Rule of law on principle that states laws must be known and certain, such that everyone knows of their existence and they are enforcement is reasonably reliable.

Question 11

Consent

Answer 11

Rule of law principle that states laws must be generally accepted to those who must live by them.

Question 12

Due process

Answer 12

Rule of law principle that states when laws are applied they must be administered impartially.

Question 13

Commonwealth ideology

Answer 13

The idea that the “country party” had the best strategy and opportunity to preserve the liberty against the “court party.”

Question 14

Court party/Tories

Answer 14

English royal court and the center of British political power; characterized by corruption and subversion.

Question 15

Country party

Answer 15

English opposition to the “court party” that consisted of Commonwealth man, everyday citizens. The country party was considered morally independent with pure motives.

Question 16

John Adams

Answer 16

1735 until 1826
John Adams is unequivocal believe in the importance of the rule of law led him to defend the British soldiers involved in the Boston massacre. His defense demonstrated to the world that the colonists were civilized and could therefore govern themselves.

Question 17

Separation of powers

Answer 17

Dividing powers of government between the separate branches.

Question 18

John Locke

Answer 18

1632 until 1704
English philosopher who’s treaties of government espousing natural rights, consent of the governed, and social contacts greatly influence of the founding fathers.