Chapter 3/4/6 Flashcards
Explain the relationship between cell function and cell size
-cells composed of organelles that act as machinery
-loss in cellular function can lead to failure of organ system
Cell Theory
-all organisms are made up of cells and are capable of reproduction
-nutrients (glucose and oxygen) enter cell,waste exit, so the amount of surface area affects how much can get in and out of cell
2 light microscopes
compound light: light rays pass THROUGH specimen
stereomicroscope: light rays shine ON surface of specimen
magnification
ratio between size image and object’s size
light/electron rays allows for specimen to be observed a thousand times closer (light) or hundred’s of thousands (electron)
resolution
minimum distance between 2 objects that allows them to be seen as 2 separate objects (great resolving power, greater detail)
compound= oil for increase resolving power
contrast
difference in shading of an object compared to its background
higher contrast= staining cells with dye or electron-dense metals
parts of plasma membrane
Phospholipid bi-layer
glycolipid with carb chain
glycoprotein
phospholipid
cholesterol
peripheral protein
integral protein
functions of plasma membrane
selectively permeable
regulates entrance/exit of substances in/out of cytoplasm to maintain cells
proteins in plasma membrane and their functions
channel proteins: passage of molecules through membrane
carrier proteins: combine w/ substance to help move across membrane
cell recognition protein: help body recognize when it is being invaded by pathogens
receptor proteins: specific molecule bonds and causes proteins to change shape to bring cellular response
enzymatic response: carry metabolic reactions directly, catalyzes reactions
osmosis
diffusion through selectively permeable membrane
diffusion
: movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration, requires NO energy, and leads to equal distribution
key structures of bacterial cell + functions
cell wall
plasma membrane
ribosomes
can be bacillus (rod)
spirillum: rigid spiral with external flagella
spirochete: flexible spiral with internal flagella
coccus: little balls
archaea + bacteria = cell wall, ribosomes, plasma membrane
key structures of bacterial cell + functions
cell wall
plasma membrane
ribosomes
can be bacillus (rod)
spirillum: rigid spiral with external flagella
spirochete: flexible spiral with internal flagella
coccus: little balls
archaea + bacteria = cell wall, ribosomes, plasma membrane
eukaryotes = cell wall (sometimes), PM, nucleus, ribo., organelles
cell wall
compose rigid cell shape- plants & algae
plasma membrane
regulates molecule passage
nucleus
stores genetic info- synthesis of DNA/RNA
nucleoli
ribosomes subunit (in nucleolus)
rough endoplasmic reticulum
modify/transport of proteins for export
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
lipid/carb synthesis in cells and detox of chemicals
golgi apparatus
processing, packaging, distribution of proteins and lipids
lysosomes
intracellular digestion (hydrolytic enzyme, recycle cells)
vacuoles
storage of substances
peroxisomes
smell vesicles that break down toxic materials, break down fatty acids
mitchondria
cellular respiration
chloroplasts
photosynthesis
cytoskeleton
shapes the cell and movement
cilia and flagella
move cell
fimbria: tail attaches bacteria to surface