Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are the basic characteristics of life
it is organized, requires materials and energy, reproduce, respond to stimuli, grow and develop, maintain homeostasis, and have the capacity to adapt EVOLUTIONARILY
Cell
- smallest unit of life = human nerve cell are responsible for conducting electric pulses to cells
Tissue
- group of cells = nervous tissue composed of nerve cells to transmit signals
Organ
- group of tissues= brain is the main organ that receives signals
Organ system
- group of organs = nervous system is the brain to spinal cord to spinal nerves
Organism
- individual with several organ systems = YOU
Species
- interbreeding organisms
Population
- group of species
Community
- interacting population
Ecosystem
- community interacting with the physical environment
Biosphere:
- all Earth’s ecosystem
bacteria reproduction
single cell splits into 2
multicellular reproduction
egg and sperm combine then go through development
What is the relationship between natural selection and adaptation?
Individuals of a species that are better adapted to their environment have more reproductive success thus leading to natural selection which results in changes in characteristics of the population to make them better suited for their environment
taxonomic classification from MOST inclusive to LEAST inclusive
domain, supergroup, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
3 domains of life
Archaea: prokaryotic cells (no nucleus)
extreme environment
unique characteristics but are similar to eukarya
Bacteria: prokaryotic cells (no nucleus)
unique characteristics
found everywhere
Eukarya: eukaryotic cells (nucleus)
protists, fungi, plants, animals
4 kingdoms of life
Protista: complex single cell
absorbs and photosynthesizes food
algae and protozoans
Plantae: multicellular
photosynthesize food
mosses, ferns, flower
Fungi: multicellular filaments
absorb food
mushrooms and yeasts
Animalia: multicellular with specific tissue
ingest food
humans, mammals reptiles
What is binomial nomenclature
a system of naming a species, first word is the genus and the second word is the epithet (species name)
Distinguish between science and technology
technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the interest of human and scientific investigation which are the basis for major tech advances
NEW TECH IS BASED ON SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION
What are the major challenges faced in science
climate change: change in the normal cycles of earths climate (chemical imbalance in carbon cycle)
extinction: I already know what this is
Human destruction: coral reefs and tropical forests being destroyed for man made infrastructure
emerging diseases: result from exposure to animals/insects carriers or changes in human behavior such as globalization (covid) and pathogens mutating and changing hosts (flu)
reemerging diseases: relatively low in humans (ebola)
What are the strengths of science?
it is publicly understandable, anti authoritarian, self correcting which leads to reliability, and predictive
What are the differences between observational science and experimental science?
observational science is not possible to construct controlled experiments while experimental science contains a control group and experimental group to test a hypothesis
WHat is the difference between a law and a theory
A law is a description of patterns in nature mainly through observation while a theory is an explanation as why that pattern exists (a reason)
null versus alternative hypothesis
A null hypothesis is a hypothesis that states no difference is expected between the 2 groups while alternative hypothesis expects a difference and that the experimental group has an effect
inductive versus deductive reasoning
inductive makes generalizations based on collecting observations while deductive is mathematical and uses If THEN logic
