BIO LAB FINAL Flashcards
scientific literature
scholarly publications that report OG empirical/theoretical work
3 types of sci lit
primary: sci papers that report OG findings
secondary: review papers and books
tertiary: national geographic
main parts of every sci article
abstract, intro, methods, results, discussion, acknowledgement, references
importance of each part of sci articles
abstract = short summary
intro = bg info
methods = what they did
results = data collected
discussion = explain results
acknow. = thank you for helping
references = citations
2 microscopes
compound = bacteria, microbio, light goes through
dissecting = bee, bigger things, light on
steps of sci method
observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, analysis, conclusion
can theories become laws
NO
laws are generalizations of a pattern, and theories are explaining why that pattern exists
types of investigations
experimental: treatment
observational: no treatment
hypothesis
proposed explanation for phenomenon, testable and falsifiable
variables
independent: manipulated x axis
dependent: measures y axis
sowbugs
scavengers, crustacea, have gills, and live in wet environments
components to a graph
axi labels, units, intervals, and captions
structure of cells
genetic material, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, ribosomes
cell theory
all organisms are made of cells
cells are basic unit of life,
all cells come from pre exisiting cells
FUNGI ARE MOST CLOSELY RELATED TO ANIMALS
endosymbiotic theory
eukaryotes rely on prokaryotes which are in eukaryotes (mitochondria and chloroplasts)
pro vs eukaryotes
P= no nucleus, simple, unicellular, no organelles
E= nucleus, complex. unicell OR multicell, organelles
gene
individual coding of DNA
enzymes in DNA
helicase= unzips
DNA polymerase= creates lagging strand
complementary strand = opposite strand
ALL OCCURS IN NUCLEUS
transcription
DNA polymerase makes mRNA
begin at start codon (AUG) then finish at stop codon
translation
in cytoplasm
mrna binds to trna with amino acid, peptide bond shifts, trna exits, starts over
mutation that occured to serratia
thymine dimer
gene mutations
substitution, inversion, insertion, deletion
nonsense= codes for diff AA
silent= codes for same AA
organism is diploid for half its life and haploid for another
alternations of generations
meiosis in sporangia
creates meiospores
everything fused together in slime mold
plasmogamy
mature plasmodium
is diploid
structures for meiosis
is haploid
What are the four causes of mutations that we talked about
Mutagens
Carcinogens
Replication errors
Transposons
Every scientific name must follow two rules, besides how they are written. They can’t be __ and they cant be __.
They can’t be redundant, and they can’t be ambiguous
The group opisthokonts is represented by three groups. What are they?
Animals, chanoflagellates, and fungi
Bryophytes have to grow close to, or in water. Why is this?
They do not have vascular tissues for water and nutrient transport
