Chapter 3 & 4 Flashcards
Autonomy
Respecting freedom of choice and self-determination
non-maleficence
not inflicting harm
beneficence
doing good and preventing harm
justice
fairness
fidelity
Faithfulness or honouring commitments
civil liability
Civil liability cases are typically resolved through civil litigation, where the injured party (plaintiff) seeks compensation from the responsible party (defendant) through the court system.
E.G. illegal search, defamation, invasion of privacy, breach of contract
Ethics
a philosophical discipline that is concerned with human conduct and moral decision making
Morality
judgement or evaluation of action, associated with words such as good, bad, right, wrong, out and should
Law
precise codification of governing standards established to ensure legal and moral justice
tort
a wrong that legal action is designed to set right
Minor
Children under the age of 18.
Identify the four fundamental principles that guide the ethical conduct of counsellors according to the Canadian Psychological Association’s Code of Ethics. Explain briefly what each principle addresses.
Principle I - Respect for the dignity of the person
Principle II - Responsible Caring
Principle III - Integrity in Relationships
Principle IV - Responsibility to Society
Principle I - Respect for the dignity of persons
Highest precedence, except when imminent danger is present. It means each person must be treated as an individual with their own particular worldview. The greatest responsibility is to the person who is most vulnerable (more about human rights)
Principle II Responsible Caring
a counsellor needs to provide competent services such as obtaining informed consent, discerning the harm versus the benefit of potential interventions, being self-aware and reflective about the treatment of those who are different. WELL-BEING of clients
Principle III - Integrity in Relationships
third highest weight. Psychologists demonstrate highest levels of integrity in their work by being straightforward, honest, objective, avoiding conflict of interest. Absolute honesty must be tempered by Principle I and II
Principle IV - Responsibility to Society
lowest weight. Expected to work in ways that help clients become better citizens
Ethical Decision-making models
- Principle Based Ethical Decision Making
- Virtue-Based Ethical Decision Making
- Quick Check
Principle-Based Ethical Decision Making
Six Step Model:
1) Key Ethical Issues
2) articles from CCPA code of ethics that are relevant
3) Which of the six ethical principles are most important
4) How can the articles be applied what are the risks and benefits of this application and resolution?
5) What do my feelings and intuition tell me about this situation?
6) What plan of action will be most helpful in this situation.
Virtue-Based Ethical Decision Making
Five steps
1) What emotions and intuition am I aware of, and what are they telling me to do?
2) How can my values best show care for the client in this situation?
3) How will my decisions affect other relevant individuals in this dilemma?
4) What decision would I feel best about publicizing?
5) What decision would best define who I am as a person?
Quick Check
1) Publicity - would I want this ethical decision announced on the front page of a newspaper?
2) Universality - Would I make the same decision for everyone? If every counsellor made this decision would it be a good thing?
3) Justice - Is everyone being treated fairly by my decision?
Confidentiality with adults
Everything is confidential from everyone except:
1) Imminent risk to self or others
2) Admission of child abuse, neglect of abuse of vulnerable adults
3) Records subpoenaed by a court of law
Minors & confidentiality
Guardians must give consent
establish at the outset with minor & guardians what information will be kept confidential and what will be shared. i.e) moderate risk to break confidentiality - such as dangerous drug use, suicidal thoughts etc.
Canada’s court system
Federal - legislate criminal law
Provincial - legislate civil law
Almost all begin in provincial courts and from there, appealed to higher courts
Aboriginal identity
refer to person who reported identifying with at least one aboriginal group - indigenous, metis, Inuit, registered Indian, treaty Indian, members of a First Nation band
acculturation
the process by which a group of people give up old ways and adopt new ones - influenced by some extent by elements of two distinct cultures. Balancing the values of 2 cultures can lead to stress, guilt, apathy, depression, delinquency, resentment, disorientation and poor self-esteem
culturally encapsulated counsellor
one who disregards cultural differences and works under the mistaken assumption that theories and techniques are equally applicable to all people. Insensitive to clients from different backgrounds
ethnographic variables
ethnicity, nationality, religion, language
demographic variables
age, gender, place of residence
status variables
social, economic, educational background, memberships, affiliations
culture
any group of people who identify or associate with one another on the basis of some common purpose, need, similarity or background
multicultural
difficult to define. - distinct group uniquenesses and concepts that facilitate attention to individual differences
In Canada refers to the presence and persistence of diverse racial and ethnic minorities who define themselves as different and wish to remain so.
multicultural counselling
counselling in which the client and counsellor may differ
etic perspective
universal qualities exist in counselling that are culturally generalizable (criticized for not taking important cultural differences into account)
emic perspective
assumes counselling approaches must be designed to be culturally specific. (criticized for placing too much emphasis on specific techniques as the vehicle for client change)
cultural mosaic
plural cultural identities
melting pot
singular cultural identity
culture-infused counselling competence
1) Cultural self awareness
2) Awareness of client cultural identities
3) Culturally sensitive working alliance
- integration of attitudes, beliefs, knowledge and skills essential for awareness of the impact of culture on personal assumptions, values, beliefs understanding of the worldview of the client, culturally sensitive working alliance, social justice agenda
