Chapter 14 Career Counselling

Question 1

Importance of career counselling according to Crites (1981)

Answer 1

1) need for it is greater than need for psychotherapy
2) Career counselling can be therapeutic
3) Career counselling is more difficult than psychotherapy

Question 2

Career counselling

Answer 2

hybrid discipline (bedard and spain define as) primarily a means of helping people who need assistance in their career path. Humanist thrust aims for he acquisition of skills that enable each individual to realize their unique potential. Extends beyond the simple choice of a career and the unique moment of that type of decision, to span the full duration of career as a whole. It becomes a stimulus, future-oriented, fits into a developmental perspective, focuses on prevention and constitutes a process

Question 3

What should career counsellors consider when helping people make career decisions?

Answer 3

avocational interests
age
stage in life
maturity
gender
familial obligations
civic roles

Question 4

career information

Answer 4

information related to the world of work that can be useful in the process of career development, including education, occupational, and psychosocial information related to working. Also known as career data.

e.g. are availability of training, nature of the work, status of workers in different occupations.

Question 5

career guidance

Answer 5

involves all activities that are primarily educational.

e.g. career fairs, library assignments, outside interviews, computer-assisted information experiences, career shadowing, didactic lectures, experiential exercises such as role-playing.

Question 6

Computer Based Career Planning Systems Advantages

Answer 6

They are accessible
help individuals sort through their values and interests
located and identify occupational groups
strategize for tentative occupational choices

Question 7

Originator of Trait & Factor Theory

Answer 7

Frank Parsons

Question 8

What is Trait & Factor Theory?

Answer 8

TRAITS of clients should first be assessed and then
matched with FACTORS inherent in various occupations

Question 9

Hollands Six categories (RIASEC) in which personality types and occupational environments can be classified

Answer 9

Realistic (skilled/concrete i.e. engineer/farmer)

Investigative (scientific/analytical)

Artistic (Musician/painter/writer)

Social (Teacher, counsellor, nurser)

Enterprising (sales, management)

Conventional (accountant, teller, clerk)

Question 10

Train and factor 3 interviews and a cloud of dust

Answer 10

1) getting to know client, assigning tests
2) takes battery of test & second interview
3) reviews career choices

Question 11

Developmental Theories

Answer 11

Super & Ginzberg. - based on personal development. Inclusive. longitudinal expression of career and more inclined to highlight importance of self concept

Major contribution emphases on importance of the lifespan in career decisionmaking

Question 12

Super’s Stages

Answer 12

Growth (birth - 14)
Exploration (14-24)
Establishment (24-44)
Maintenance (44-64)
Decline (64 and beyond)

Question 13

Super’s Stage of Growth

Answer 13

children form a mental picture of themselves in relation to others
Children become oriented to the world of work in many ways

Question 14

Super’s Second stage of exploration (14-24)

Answer 14

general exploration of the world of work and specification of career preference

Question 15

Super’s third stage of Establishment (24-44)

Answer 15

Task is becoming established in a preferred and appropriate field of work, once established can concentrate on advancement until they tire or reach the top

Question 16

Super’s Fourth Stage Maintenance (44-64)

Answer 16

major talk is preserving what has already been achieved.

Question 17

Super’s Fifth Stage Decline (64+)

Answer 17

time for disengagement from work and alignment with other sources of satisfaction.

Question 18

Social Cognitive Career Theory

Answer 18

stems from Albert Bandura

1) Interactions between people and environments are highly dynamic
2) career-related behaviour incluenced by behaviour, self efficacy, outcome expectations, goals
3) Self-efficacy beliefs directly influence interest development
4)factors like gender, race, physical health etc affect self-efficacy
5) career choice affected by other variables besides self-efficacy. (ie chance, economic variables, discrimination)
6)all being equal..people with the highest levels of ability and the strongest self-eficacy perform at the highest levels

Question 19

Bloch’s successful educational counselling for students at risk for dropout:

Answer 19

1) Connection between present and future status
2)individualize, communicate care
3)coalitions with community, institutions & business
4) integrate order of career development activities
5) age & stage appropriate career development activities
6) wide variety of media and career development resources including computers

Question 20

occupational sex-role sterotyping

Answer 20

includes women primarily mothers with children, hard-driving, sex objects. Or mistakenly assuming that women prefer social, artistic, conventional occupations rather than realistic, investigative or enterprising careers

Question 21

glass ceiling

Answer 21

women are seen as able to rise only so far in a corporation because they are not viewed as being able to preform top-level exec duties. Girls and women are not challenged to explore their abilities and possibilities and as a result some women fail to develop their abilities to the fullest.

Question 22

Career plus life counselling

Answer 22

a strategy for working with women, especially if they are also depressed and indecisive. Focuses on personal and relationship issues in addition to explicit career issues.

Question 23

lavender ceiling

Answer 23

equivalent to glass ceiling for women, but with GLBT due to discreet prejudice by upper management because of beliefs about sexuality.