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Philosophy Of Christian education > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

There is a direct relation between people’s basic beliefs and what?

A

How they view the educational structure of the school

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2
Q

Describe the functions and limitations of labels.

A

The school of philosophy might best be seen as points on a continua on which there are differences but also agreements

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3
Q

Define idealism: The reality of ___, rather than a stress ____

A

ideas, thoughts minds, or selves; in material objects and forces

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4
Q

What does idealism emphasize?

A

The mind as being basic or prior to matter

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5
Q

What was idealism a contrast to?

A

Materialism

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6
Q

When and by whom was idealism formulated?

A

Plato in the 4th century BC

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7
Q

What was Plato on a quest for?

A

Certain truth-that which is perfect and eternal

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8
Q

According to Plato what is the universal truth?

A

Mathematics

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9
Q

In order to arrive at universal truths, Plato moved away from what?

A

Sensory experiences to the world of ideas

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10
Q

Name some idealism key thinkers

A

Descartes, Kant, Hegel

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11
Q

To a idealist, knowing reality is not what?

A

an experience of seeing, hearing, or touching.

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12
Q

According to the idealist’s truth lies in what?

A

the realm of ideas

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13
Q

In idealism, what is the relationship of truth and experience?

A

Truth is prior to and largely independent of experience

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14
Q

In Idealism, what does truth focus on?

A

Intuition, revelation, and rationalism in gaining and extending knowledge

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15
Q

What is the philosophical position of idealism?

A

A reality of the mind

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16
Q

Describe the idealists position on senses

A

The world of the apparent (physical world) that we perceive through our sense does exist

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17
Q

Describe the ethical and aesthetical criteria of goodness and beauty according to idealists

A
  • is external to humanity,
  • is inherent in the very nature of true reality,
  • is based on fixed and eternal principles.
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18
Q

What does idealism education believe is the most important aspect of learners?

A

Intellect

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19
Q

What is the position of teachers in the philosophy of idealism?

A

Teachers have a crucial position in the idealist school

  • serve as living examples of what students can become
  • role is to pass on knowledge of reality and to be examples of the ethical ideal.
  • set an example or pattern to follow (intellectually and socially)
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20
Q

Describe idealism curriculum

A
  • Focus on humanities (history, literature, mathematics)
  • Library tends to be the center of educational activity
  • Teach methodology focuses on lecturing to transfer knowledge
  • Not be excited about field trips of trade classes because they are sensory
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21
Q

What is realism a reaction to?

A

Idealism

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22
Q

Realism is associated with who?

A

Aristotle (Plato’s pupil)

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23
Q

How did Aristotle arrived at the conceptions of universal form ?

A

through the study of material objects

24
Q

Name two key thinkers of realism.

A

Francis Bacon, John Locke

25
Q

Describe the metaphysics of realism:
-ultimate reality is not in the realm of the __, the universe is composed of ____, so it is the ____ in which people live that is reality.

A

Mind; matter in motion; physical world

26
Q

Where is realism seen today?

A

At the philosophic base of much modern science

27
Q

Describe the epistemology of realism

A
  • truth comes for observation through the senses

- truth for the realist is viewed as observable fact

28
Q

According to realism, as one understands natural order, a person comes to know what?

A

The laws that provide the basis for ethical and aesthetic judgement

29
Q

How does realism view the student

A
  • students function through sensory experiences and perceive the natural order of the world and thereby come into contact with reality.
  • students are subject to natural law and not free in their choices
30
Q

Some realist advocate what kind of approach to psychology?

A

Behaviorist in approach

31
Q

According to realism, what is the role of the teacher?

A
  • give accurate information about reality to the student in the quickest and most efficient manner.
  • teacher’s biases and personality should be muted
32
Q

Describe the curriculum of realism in education

A
  • the subject matter of the physical world is taught in such a way that the orderliness underlying the universe is evident
  • sciences stand at the center of the realist universe
  • mathematics also has a central place
  • focus is on demonstrable facts and the framework that gives meaning to those facts
  • instructional methods should utilize the senses through the use of pictures and visual aids and physical object lessons in the classroom
  • favor field trips, audio visual aids, and demonstrations
  • teaching for the mastery if facts in order to understand natural law
  • teaching is best when it is most objective and dehumanized, since humans are a source of error
33
Q

What is the essence of rationalism

A

An appeal to the human reason

34
Q

What are the two branches of Neo-scholasticism in the 20th century?

A

Religious, secular

35
Q

Describe the religious branch of Neo-scholasticism

A

Substructure of the Roman Catholic educational philosophy (most important)

36
Q

What are two important names of the secular branch of Neo-scholasticism

A

Mortimer Adler, Robert Hutchins

37
Q

What is the philosophic position of Neo-scholasticism

A

-a reality of reason (and God)

38
Q

Name two men that played a distinct role in Neo-scholasticism

A

Aristotle (realism) and Thomas Aquinas (combined Aristitelian philosophy and Christianity)

39
Q

According to Neo-scholasticism the natural world is

A

open to reason

40
Q

Describe the epistemology if Neo-scholasticism

A

Truth is seen through rationalism and inspiration

41
Q

Describe the Axiology if Neo-scholasticism

A

Ethics is seen in acting rationally

42
Q

In education how do all the traditional philosophies see the teacher

A

As an authoritative person who knows what the student needs to learn and has a set curriculum to reinforce their beliefs as to what is important.

43
Q

What creates a school of philosophy?

A

The way a person answers the questions of metaphysics, epistemology, and Axiology

44
Q

According to the idealists the world of reality perceived through our ___ is more important than the ___

A

Minds; physical world

45
Q

According to idealists when is humanity moral?

A

when it is in account with the universal moral law

46
Q

What is the starting point for realism?

A

the objects of our senses exist in their own right independently of their being known by a mind

47
Q

According to realists, reality is seen in terms of what?

A

Things that operate according to natural law

48
Q

According to realism, how are values obtained?

A

Observation of nature

49
Q

To a idealists, knowing reality is what?

A

taking hold of the idea of something and retaining it in the mind

50
Q

In idealism, how does a person comes into contact with the ultimately real world?

A

through the intellect

51
Q

Aristotle laid the structure for what has evolved into what?

A

the modern physical, life and social sciences

52
Q

What is Francis Bacon know for?

A

Scientific method

53
Q

What is John Locke known for?

A

mind is blank slate that receives impressions from the environment

54
Q

According to the idealists, truth is inherent in what?

A

the very nature of the universe

55
Q

idealist concentrate on what in education?

A

the mental development of the learner

56
Q

In neo-scholasticism the supernatural world is understood through

A

intuitions, revelation, and faith

57
Q

Name three traditional philosophies

A

Idealism, realism, Neo-scholasticism

Philosophy Of Christian education (9 decks)

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