Chapter 3 Flashcards
Activated carrier that donates the carbon atoms in its readily transferable acetyl group to many metabolic reactions, including citric acid cycle and fatty acid biosynthesis.
acetyl CoA
A small molecule that stores energy or chemical groups in a form that can be donated to many different metabolic reactions.
Activated carrier
The energy that must be acquired by a molecule to undergo a chemical reaction.
Activation energy
Nucleoside diphosphate produced by hydrolysis of the thermal phosphate of ATP.
ADP
Set of metabolic pathways by which large molecules are made from smaller ones.
Anobolism
An enzyme-catalyzed process by which complex molecules are formed from simply substances by living cells; also called anabolism.
Biosynthesis
Set of enzyme-catalyzed reactions by which complex molecules are degraded to simpler ones with release of energy; intermediates in these reactions are sometimes called catabolites.
Catabolism
The acceleration of a chemical reaction by lowering its activation energy; enzymes perform this role in cells.
Catalysts
Linked pair of chemical reactions in which free energy released by one reaction serves to drive the other reaction.
Coupled reaction.
Process by which molecules and small particles move form one location to another by random, thermally driven motion.
Diffusion
Thermodynamic quantity that measures the degree of disorder in a system.
Entropy
A protein that catalyzed a specific chemical reaction.
Enzyme
State in which the forward and reverse rates of a chemical reaction are equal so that no net chemical change occurs.
Equilibrium
For a reversible chemical reaction, the ration of substrate to product when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.
Equilibrium constant
Energy that can be harnessed to do work, such as driving a chemical reaction.
Free energy
