Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Essential Cell Biology > chapter 15 > Flashcards

chapter 15 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Contains main genome; DNA and RNA synthesis.ny

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Synthesis of most lipids; synthesis of proteins for distribution to many organelles and to the plasma membrane.

A

ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids for either secretion of delivery to another organelle.

A

golgi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intracellular degradation

A

lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sorting of endocytosed material

A

endosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ATP synthesis and carbon fixation by photosynthesis

A

chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Oxidation of toxic molecules

A

peroxisomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Contains proteins that act as binding sites for the chromosomes.

A

inner nuclear membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Provides structural support for nuclear envelope

A

nuclear lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Closely resembles the membrane of ER.

A

outer nuclear membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Consists of one or two short sequences containing several positively charged amino acids. (lysines & arginines)

A

nuclear localization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Special proteins that aid in the transport of the protein across the two membranes and help fold it back into its tertiary structure once inside.

A

chaperone proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Completely translocated across the membrane and enter the ER lumen

A

water-soluble proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Partly translocated across the membrane and become embedded in it.

A

prospective transmembrane proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Present in cytosol, binds to both the ribosome and the ER signal sequence of polypeptide when it emerges from ribosome.

A

signal-receptor particle (SRP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Distinctive coat protein on cytosolic surface; help shapes the membrane into a bud.

A

coated vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Protein that interacts with the t-Snare prior to joining of target and vesicle snares.

A

snap-25

19
Q

Process of cells detecting and responding to signals in the extracellular environment.

A

cell signaling

20
Q

Extracellular signal molecule binds to receptor

A

reception

21
Q

Transfer of signal from outside of cell to inside of cell

A

signal transduction

22
Q

Response is initiated and/or occurs entirely within receiving cell.

A

cellular response

23
Q

Long distance signaling that is able to signal the whole body, occurs through the systematic circulation.

A

endocrine signaling

24
Q

Signaling in the neighborhood or communication to neighboring cells. Act as local mediators to influence neighboring cells. Depends upon diffusion and regulated by factors.

A

paracrine & autocrine signaling

25
Q

Contains metabolic pathways; protein synthesis; the cytoskeleton.

A

cytosol

26
Q

Certain type of cell will release the signal and a different type of cell will respond to signal.

A

paracrine signaling

27
Q

Certain type of cell will release the signal and the same cell will respond to it.

A

autocrine signaling

28
Q

Involves neurons delivering messages across long distances. Delivery is quick and specific.

A

neuronal signaling

29
Q

Occurs between cells that are in direct contact with each other.

A

contact-dependent signaling

30
Q

Protein molecule usually found inside of on the surface of a cell, that receives chemical signals from the outside.

A

receptor

31
Q

Change permeability of cell membrane to certain ions. Signaling molecules regulates opening of ion transport channel.

A

ion-channel-coupled receptors

32
Q

Activate membrane bound proteins that then trigger intracellular signaling pathway.

A

G-protein-coupled receptors

33
Q

Receptor has enzymatic capabilities or receptor activates associates with an enzyme.

A

enzyme-coupled receptors

34
Q

Largest family of such enzyme-coupled receptors, that phosphorylate their substrate proteins on tyrosine residues, includes receptors for most polypeptide growth factors.

A

receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)

35
Q

Any permanent alteration in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.

A

mutation

36
Q

A mutation that alters a single base.

A

point mutation

37
Q

Large regions of DNA effecting the normal chromosome structure.

A

chromosomal mutations

38
Q

Chemical or physical agents that interact with DNA to cause mutations.

A

mutagens

39
Q

Mutagens that lead to cancer.

A

carcinogens

40
Q

Genes that exhibit a gain-of-function in cancer.

A

oncogenes

41
Q

Normal functioning form of oncogene.

A

proto-oncogenennn

42
Q

Genes in which a loss-of-function plays a casual role in cancer.

A

tumor suppressor genes

43
Q

Functions to regulate the cell cycle by activating the expression of genes involved in G1 checkpoint control upon DNA damage.

A

p53

Essential Cell Biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions