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Life span And Development > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

An average, or standard, measurement, calculated from the measurements of many individuals within a specific group or population.

A

norm

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2
Q

an average or standard, for a particular population

A

norm

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3
Q

Weight gain is dramatic. True or False

A

True

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4
Q

A biological mechanism that protects the brain when malnutrition disrupts body growth. The brain is the last part of the body to be damaged by malnutrition.

A

head-sparring

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5
Q

If teething or a stuffed-up nose temporarily slows weight gain, nature slows growth of the body but not the brain, a phenomenon called

A

head-sparring

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6
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

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7
Q

the brain and spinal cord begins with nerve cells called

A

neurons

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8
Q

At biirth, the human brain has billions of neurons, most of them about 70 percent in the

A

cortex

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9
Q

one of billions of nerve cells in the central nervous system, especially in the brain

A

neuron

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10
Q

the outer layer of the brain in humans and other mammals. the most crucial part,Most thinking, feeling, and sensing involve the

A

cortex

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11
Q

the area of the cortex at the very front of the brain that specializes in anticipation, planning, and impulse control

A

prefrontal cortex

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12
Q

a fiber that extends from a neuron and transmits electrochemical impulses from that neuron tot he dendrite of other neurons

A

axon

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13
Q

a fiber that extends from a neuron and receives electrochemical impulses transmitted from other neurons

A

dendrite

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14
Q

the intersection between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of other neurons

A

synapses

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15
Q

A brain chemical that carries information from the axon of sending neuron to the dendrites of receiving neuron

A

neurotransmitter

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16
Q

the pathway across which neurotransmitters carry information from the axon of the sending neuron to the dendrites of the receiving neuron.

A

synaptic gap

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17
Q

the final part of the brain to mature is

A

the prefrontal cortex

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18
Q

within and between areas of the CNS, neurons are connected to other neurons by intricate network fibers called

A

axons and dendrites

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19
Q

the critical communication links within the brain

A

synapses

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20
Q

The axon of one neuron meets the dendrites of other neurons at intersections called

A

synapses

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21
Q

Axons and dendrites do not touch at the synapse. True of false

A

True

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22
Q

the electrical impulses in axons typically cause the release of chemicals called

A

neurotransmitters

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23
Q

carry information from the axon of the sending ______, across the ________ to the dendrites of the receiving ________ is called

A

neurons, synaptic gap, neurons, neurotransmitters

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24
Q

The link between one neuron and another…..the infant brain contains billions of neurons, each with one axon and many dendrites, every electrochemical message to and from the brain causes thousands of neurons to fire simultaneously, each transmitting the message across the synapse to neighboring neurons.

A

Nature and the brain

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25
Q

every experience that a person has–especially in the early days and months–activates prunes neurons, such that the firing patterns from one axon to another dendrite reflect the past.

A

Nurture and the brain

26
Q

the great but temporary increase in the number of dendrites that develop in an infant’s brain during the first two years of life

A

transient exuberance

27
Q

Early dendrite growth is called

A

transient exuberance

28
Q

Why is early dendrite growth called transient exuberance

A

exuberant because it is so rapid and transient because some of it is temporary

29
Q

the expansive growth of a dendrite is followed by

A

pruning

30
Q

When applied to brain development the process by which unused connections in the brain atrophy and die

A

pruning

31
Q

face blindness, relatively uncommon

A

prosopagnosia

32
Q

area of your brain is astonishingly adept to face recognition

A

the fusiform face

33
Q

by 3 months, most babies smile more readily at familiar people and are more accrue at differentiating faces from their own ethnic group

A

own-race effect

34
Q

the result of limited multiethnic experience, not innate prejudice

A

own-race effect

35
Q

a life threatening injury that occurs when an infant is forcefully shaken back and forth, a motion that ruptures blood vessels in the brain and breaks neural connections

A

shaken baby syndrome

36
Q

The inborn drive to remedy a developmental deficit; literally, to return to sitting or standing upright after being tipped over. People of all ages have self-righting impulses, for emotion as well as physical imbalance

A

self-righting

37
Q

A stage of sleep characterized by flickering eyes behind closed likes, dreaming and rapid brain waves

A

REM (rapid eye movement) sleep

38
Q

Why does shaking the baby stop the baby from crying

A

shaking stops the crying because blood vessels in the brain rupture and fragile neural connections break

39
Q

abusive head trauma is an example of

A

shaken baby syndrome

40
Q

understanding development as dynamic and interactive means

A

helping caregivers from the start, not waiting until destructive systems are established

41
Q

an inborn drive to remedy deficits—is built into the human system

A

self-righting

42
Q

with flickering eyes and rapid brain waves that indicates dreaming

A

REM (rapid eye movement) sleep

43
Q

quiet sleep

A

slow-wave sleep

44
Q

a custom in which parents and their children (usually infants) sleep together in the same room

A

co-sleeping

45
Q

when parents bring decades-old memories into the bedroom of their children

A

ghosts in the nursery

46
Q

the response of sensory system (eyes, ears, skin, tongue, nose) when it detects a stimulus

A

sensation

47
Q

The mental processing of sensory information when the brain interprets a sensation

A

perception

48
Q

requires experience

A

perception

49
Q

why are new infants not more cautious

A

because sensation precedes perception and perception leads to cognition

50
Q

occurs when a sensory system detects a stimulus, as when the inner ear reverberates with sound or the retina and pupil of the eye intercept light

A

sensation

51
Q

occurs when the brain processes a sensation

A

perception

52
Q

the ability to focus the two eyes in a coordinated manner in order to see one image

A

binocular vision

53
Q

coordinating both eyes to see one image

A

binocular vision

54
Q

the learned abilities to move some part of the body, in action ranging from a large leap to a flicker of the eyelid (The work motor here refers to movement of muscles

A

motor skills

55
Q

any movement ability

A

motor skill

56
Q

deliberate actions that coordinate many parts of the body, producing large movement, are called

A

gross motor skills

57
Q

physical abilities involving large body movements, such as walking and jumping (the word gross here means “big”)

A

gross motor skills

58
Q

head-down

A

cephalocaudal

59
Q

proximodistal

A

center-out direction

60
Q

physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers, such as drawing and picking up a coin. (The word fine here means “small’)

A

fine motor skills

61
Q

small body movements

A

fine motor skills

Life span And Development (5 decks)

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