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6030 - Introduction to Educational Research > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

primary source

A

is an original article or report in which researchers communicate directly to the reader the methods and results of their studies

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2
Q

secondary source

A

is one that reviews, summarizes, or discusses primary research (e.g., a textbook chapter)

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3
Q

Examples of secondary sources:

A

Professional Books and Textbooks
Encyclopedias
Reviews, Yearbooks, and Handbooks

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4
Q

The Purpose of Reviewing Related Literature

A

Refining the Research Problem

Establishing the Conceptual or Theoretical Orientation

Developing Significance

Identifying Methodological Limitations

Identifying Contradictory Findings

Developing Research Hypotheses

Learning About New Information

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5
Q

PsychINFO

A

Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms

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6
Q

The most highly used database in education is ________.

A

ERIC

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7
Q

The most highly used database in psychology is __________.

A

PsychINFO

Different versions of this database contain information on articles from the late 1800’s, and full text version from the late 1900’s.

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8
Q

____________ contains both scholarly and popular articles.

A

Info Trac Onefile

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9
Q

___________ and __________ publications work well in searches.

A

Journal Articles

Reports/Research

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10
Q

The goal of your search

A

should be to come up with an acceptable number of articles and/or reports for your purposes.

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11
Q

Meta Analyses

A

These combine the results of many primary sources on the same topic to determine an overall “effect size”

Different meta analyses on the same topic may come to somewhat different conclusions on effect size.

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12
Q

Best-Evidence Synthesis

A

This type of combination of primary sources results in a narrative, rather than statistical, summary as to the best practices in a field based upon the findings of primary sources (both quantitative and qualitative).

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13
Q

AND

A

The most common way of limiting a search is to use the connector “and.”

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14
Q

Put _________ around sets.

A

parentheses

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15
Q

Put _______ around phrases.

A

quotation marks

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16
Q

Put ________ between terms.

A

commas

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17
Q

The purpose of the review

A

is to relate previous research and theory to the problem under investigation.

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18
Q

Refining the Research Problem

A

The researcher learns how others have defined the general problem in more specific ways.

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19
Q

Establishing the Conceptual or Theoretical Orientation

A

The researcher places his/her study within the context of pertinent conceptual frameworks or theoretical orientations.

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20
Q

Developing Significance

A

The researcher can demonstrate the significance of his/her study within the context of previous knowledge.

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21
Q

Identifying Methodological Limitations

A

The researcher can identify promising methodological approaches while avoiding problematic ones.

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22
Q

Identifying Contradictory Findings

A

The researcher can discover contradictory findings or theories in the literature, and these can prove fruitful as areas for further research.

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23
Q

Developing Research Hypotheses

A

In quantitative studies, previous research may suggest a particular result in the current study. When no such studies exist, existing theory should be used to justify your hypotheses.

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24
Q

Learning About New Information

A

The literature review provides an opportunity to learn about new information the researcher hadn’t previously been aware of.

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25
Q

Take what kinds of notes when reading articles?

A

Make sure to record the bibliographic information on the article.
Indicate participants, instruments, and procedures.
Summarize results and conclusions.
Note any weaknesses or limitations.
Make note of the overall importance and quality of the article; you can use a rating scale to do this.

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26
Q

Strengths of Using the Internet

A

Strengths
Provides current information and covers niche topics
Can be accessed from everywhere
Easier to find most current copies of those journals that post their material online; full text articles often available
International material available (though often not in English)

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27
Q

Weaknesses of Using the Internet

A

Weaknesses
Does not provide access to all scholarly works.
Accuracy and validity of information often difficult to check.
No standardized search terms.
That fact that anyone can publish a web page means that quality can be dubious.

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28
Q

Subject directories

A

are the “yellow pages” of the Internet in which you can browse through lists of Internet resources by topic. Typically, each topic is located within a hierarchy of subjects.

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29
Q

The advantage of ____________ is that the content has been reviewed and organized by a human.

A

subject directories

30
Q

Search engines

A

are large searchable databases of webpages

31
Q

____________ are compiled automatically, and have not been vetted by a human.

A

Search engine databases

32
Q

metasearch engine

A

a search engine that submits your search to multiple search engines at the same time

33
Q

Examples of metasearch engines

A

Examples:

Dogpile, Clusty, and Metacrawler

34
Q

ERIC

A

Education Resources Information Center

35
Q

descriptors

A

are used to organize and index database materials by subject.

They are used to locate records that may not contain the specific keyword.

36
Q

keywords

A

match words found in the indexed record. If you use keywords for a search, you will locate many more records than you would if you used a descriptor.

37
Q

If the ERIC number begins with EJ, it is a ___________.

A

journal article

38
Q

If the ERIC number begins with ED, it is a ___________.

A

nonjournal article

39
Q

One advantage of searching nonjournal documents is that _____________ are often included.

A

conference presentations

40
Q

___________ are more comprehensive than other secondary sources and more scholarly.

A

handbooks

41
Q

__________ are considered secondary sources.

A

textbooks

42
Q

meta analysis

A

is a procedure that uses statistical methods to systematically combine the results of a number of studies of the same problem.

43
Q

meta-analysis

A

is a review that quantitatively synthesizes previous studies.

44
Q

nonrefereed journal

A

a journal that does not use external reviewers to evaluate manuscripts

45
Q

refereed

A

sent to reviewers for an evaluation

46
Q

blind review

A

is one in which the names of the authors of the manuscript are omitted.

47
Q

One of the most difficult aspects of using the Internet for educational research is that _________________________________________.

A

there is no standard controlled vocabulary that facilitates a search.

48
Q

Two of the largest subject directories are _________ and __________.

A

Yahoo!

Google

49
Q

Often the best search strategy in a subject directory is _______________.

A

to steer clear of the search box and use the categories.

50
Q

________________________ is most useful when you are not sure what category to choose for a particular subject.

A

the search function of a subject directory

51
Q

search engines

A

are large searchable databases of webpages.

52
Q

retrieval algorithms

A

determine both how many pages each search retrieves as well as how the results of each search are ordered

53
Q

Examples of metasearch engines

A

Dogpile
Clusty
Metacrawler

54
Q

With metasearch engines it is especially important to pay attention to __________.

A

relevancy

55
Q

discussion group

A

is one in which messages are transmitted as email and are therefore available only to individuals who have subscribed to the mailing list

56
Q

listsery

A

is a specific type of software for managing email lists

57
Q

IES

A

Institute of Education Sciences

58
Q

U.S. DOE

A

U.S. Department of Education

59
Q

AERA

A

American Educational Research Association

60
Q

Most educational research is document in either ______________ or ______________.

A

Chicago Manual of Style/Turabian style

APA format

61
Q

Most ____________ are thematic.

A

qualitative reviews

62
Q

quantitative reviews

A

are often very detailed and found in the beginning sections of an article

Quantitative Studies
Group studies together that investigate similar topics

The topics themselves should be ordered from more general to more specific

Within topics, studies can be organized from oldest to newest

You should either give enough details about the study so that the reader can fully understand, or just mention it in passing (e.g., Other have found similar results (Smith & Jones, 2012)). Don’t give some, but not all of the information, as the reader will not be able to fully follow the study

63
Q

qualitative reviews

A

ten to be brief in the beginning but more integrated throughout the whole of the article

64
Q

Review include three elements: _________, ___________, ___________.

A

summary of the study reviewed
analysis of the study
summary of how the study relates to the research problem

65
Q

______________ should be used sparingly and only when a special or critical meaning could not be indicated by your own words.

A

quotations

66
Q

WWC

A

What Works Clearinghouse

67
Q

SIG

A

special interest groups

68
Q

Foreshadowed Problems

A

A statement of the general purpose or question so that views of the participants will emerge

69
Q

Mixed-Methods Studies

A

Usually presented in one section rather than having a separate review for the quantitative and qualitative sections

70
Q

Exploratory Studies

A

The review tends to be like reviews in qualitative research

71
Q

Explanatory Studies

A

The review tends to be like reviews in quantitative research

72
Q

Criteria for Evaluating the Review of the Literature

A

The review of literature should adequately cover previous research.

The review of literature should cite actual findings from other studies.

The review of the literature should be up-to-date.

The review of literature should analyze as well as summarize.

The review of literature should be organized logically by topic, not by author.

The review of literature should briefly summarize minor studies and discuss major studies in detail.

The review of major studies should relate previous studies explicitly to the research problem or methods.

The review of literature should provide a logical basis for the hypothesis.

The review of literature should establish a theoretical or conceptual framework for the problem.

The review of literature should help establish the significance of the research.

6030 - Introduction to Educational Research (13 decks)

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