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6030 - Introduction to Educational Research > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

_________ eliminates the need to search for new knowledge and understanding

A

Tradition …

because we simply accept what has always been done as the best or right way.

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2
Q

__________ is only as good as the facts that are used.

A

Logic

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3
Q

_______ involves a systematic process of gathering, interpreting, and reporting information.

A

Research

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4
Q

Information is gathered directly from:

A

individuals, groups, documents, and other sources.

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5
Q

Education research

A

is systematic, disciplined inquiry applied to educational problems and questions.

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6
Q

Parsimony

A

economy in the use of means to an end; especially : economy of explanation in conformity with Occam’s razor

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7
Q

Research exhibits several characteristics:

A

Objectivity–in observation, data collection, and reporting of results
Control of personal bias–so that do not influence the research and conclusions
Precision–to provide detailed, specific definitions and descriptions
Parsimony–to provide the least complicated explanation
Tentative conclusions–that are open to change
Verification–of findings through replication
Openness to scrutiny
Logic–to provide meaning

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8
Q

Occam’s razor

A

a scientific and philosophic rule that entities should not be multiplied unnecessarily which is interpreted as requiring that the simplest of competing theories be preferred to the more complex or that explanations of unknown phenomena be sought first in terms of known quantities

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9
Q

Scientific

A

systematic, testable, and objective

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10
Q

scientific approach

A

is a logical method of inquiry, not a body of knowledge

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11
Q

IES

A

Institute of Education Sciences

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12
Q

Three significant developments in education:

A

Formation of the Institute of Education Sciences
Formation of What Works Clearinghouse
Publication of Scientific Research in Education

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13
Q

The primary purpose of scientific inquiry _________________________________________.

A

Is to explain natural phenomena and understand the underlying relationships and then, using this information, to predict and influence behavior.

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14
Q

Principles of Scientific Inquiry

A
  1. Pose significant questions that can be investigated empirically.
  2. Link research to relevant theory.
  3. Use methods that permit direct investigation of the question.
  4. Provide a coherent, explicit, and evidence-based chain of reasoning.
  5. Replicate and generalize across studies.
  6. Disclose research to encourage professional scrutiny, critique and peer review.
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15
Q

empirical study

A

is one that gathers evidence (data) that is objective, evidence that is based on observation, measurement, or experience that can be replicated by others.

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16
Q

theory

A

a set or propositions that explain the relationships among observed phenomena

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17
Q

_____ must be matched to ______.

A

Method must be matched to question.

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18
Q

Principles of scientific research means _____________________________________.

A

means the use of rigorous, systematic, and objective methodologies to obtain reliable and valid knowledge.

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19
Q 
Research requires: 
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
A

A. development of logical, evidence-based chain of reasoning
B. methods appropriate to the questions posed
C. observational or experimental designs and instruments that provide reliable and generalizable findings
D. data and analysis adequate to support findings
E. explication of procedures and results clearly and in detail
F. adherence to professional norms of peer review
G. dissemination of findings to contribute to scientific knowledge
H. access to data for reanalysis, replication, and the opportunity to build on findings

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20
Q

A researcher’s goal is to ____________.

A

obtain credible answers.

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21
Q

Four steps of research are __________________.

A

question –> method –> results –> conclusions

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22
Q

generalizability

A

use of results in other situations with other individuals

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23
Q

chain of reasoning

A

each step of scientific inquiry is connected to others

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24
Q

quantitative tradition

A

this tradition assumes that phenomena should be studied objectively with the goal of obtaining a single true reality, or at least reality within known probabilities, with an emphasis on measurement, numerical, data, control, and objectivity

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25
Q

quantitative

A

emphasizes numbers, measurements, deductive logic, control, experiments

26
Q

qualitative research

A

emphasizes natural settings, understanding, verbal narrative, and flexible design

a phenomenological model in which multiple realities are rooted in the subjects’ perceptions

27
Q

mixed-methods research

A

studies using both quantitative and qualitative methods

28
Q

research design

A

the plan for carrying out a study

29
Q

nonexperimental research

A

no manipulation of factors that may influence subjects; the investigator has no direct influence on what has been selected to be studied

30
Q

__________ type of research can usually only describe something or uncover relationships between two or more factors

A

nonexperimental research

31
Q

descriptive research

A

includes studies that provide simple information about the frequency or amount of something

32
Q

comparative studies

A

examine the differences between groups on a variable of interest

33
Q

correlative studies

A

investigate relationships among two or more variables

34
Q

causal-comparative research

A

examines whether a naturally occurring intervention affects an outcome of interest

35
Q

experimental research

A

manipulation of factors that may influence subjects; the investigators have control over one or more factors (variables) in the study that may influence the subjects’ behavior

36
Q

true experimental design

A

is one in which subjects have been randomly assigned to different groups

37
Q

quasi-experimental design

A

does not have random assignment

38
Q

single-subject designs

A

use the ideas of an experiment with a single person or a few individuals

39
Q

The goal in a phenomenological study is _____________________________________.

A

is to fully understand the essence of some phenomenon.

40
Q

ehnography

A

is a description and interpretation of cultural or social group system

41
Q

grounded theory studies

A

are conducted to generate or discover a theory or schema that relates to a particular environment

42
Q

case studies

A

concern in-depth study of a single or a few programs, events, activities, groups, or other entities defined in terms of time and place

43
Q

critical studies

A

the focus is on marginalized people, with investigations of injustice an inequity

44
Q

analytical research

A

is a mode of inquiry in which events, ideas, concepts, or artifacts are investigated by analyzing documents, records, recordings, and other media

45
Q

historical analysis

A

there is a systematic gathering and criticism of documents, records, and artifacts to provide a description and interpretation of past events or persons

46
Q

legal analysis

A

focuses on selected laws and court decisions to examine how legal precedents influence education practice

47
Q

concept analysis

A

is concerned with implications and applications of the meaning and usage of educational concepts

48
Q

The primary purpose of basic research is ____________________.

A

is the development of theories.

49
Q

The purpose of applied research is ________________________________.

A

is to test theories and other ideas in the context of naturally occurring educational settings.

50
Q

The goal of action research is _______________________________________.

A

is to solve a specific classroom or school problem, improve practice, or help make a decision at a single local site.

51
Q

Evaluation research

A

is directed toward making decision about the effectiveness or desirability of a program

52
Q

AERA

A

American Educational Research Association

53
Q

IRB

A

institutional review board

54
Q

Ten basics aspects of ethical concern

A
  1. responsible for ethical standards
  2. inform subjects of all aspects of research
  3. be open and honest
  4. subjects must be protected from physical and mental discomfort, harm, and danger
  5. obtain informed consent
  6. never coerce subjects to participate
  7. subjects can stop participating at any time
  8. data be anonymous
  9. get approval for conducting research
  10. identify potential benefits to a control group
55
Q

Abstract in a journal article is typically ______ to ____ words long.

A

50-150 words long

56
Q

Research titles are usually ____ words or less long.

A

15 words or less

57
Q

The introductory section should include:

A

context for research, significance of research, and general or specific research problem investigated

58
Q

The hypothesis usually follows the _______.

A

review of literature

59
Q

In the results sections, researchers describe ___________________________.

A

describe how they analyzed the data, and the present the results.

60
Q

The ________ section is the section in which the investigators explain their results.

A

discussion section

61
Q

___________ are summary statements that reflect the overall answers.

A

conclusions

62
Q

Types of analytical research

A

Historical analysis
Legal analysis
Concept analysis

6030 - Introduction to Educational Research (13 decks)

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