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Honors Intro to Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

Psychologists who focused on learning and experience

A

Empiricists

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1
Q

Psychologists who emphasized genes and inborn characteristics

A

Nativists

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2
Q

A field of psychology emphasizing evolutionary mechanisms that may help explain human commonalities in social practices, perception, emotional responses, and other areas of behavior

A

Evolutionary Psychology

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3
Q

An interdisciplinary field of study concerned with genetic contributions to individual differences in behavior and personality

A

Behavioral Genetics

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4
Q

The functional units of heredity; they are composed of DNA and specify the structure of proteins

A

Genes

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5
Q

Within every cell, rod-shaped structures that carry the genes

A

Chromosomes

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6
Q

The chromosomal molecule that transfers genetic characteristics by way of coded genetic characteristics by way of coded instructions for the structure of proteins

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

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7
Q

The full set of genes in each cell of an organism (with the exception of sperm and egg cells), together with noncoding DNA located outside the genes

A

Genome

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8
Q

98.9% of our total DNA; lies outside of the genes

A

Noncoding DNA

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9
Q

Chemical elements that form DNA: (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine)

A

Bases

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10
Q

Compare DNA differences in people who share a particular disease or trait with those of people who do not have it

A

Genome-wide association studies

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11
Q

Sequencing the entire 3 billion base pairs of DNA

A

Whole-genome sequencing

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12
Q

Old technique used for searching for genes associated with rare disorders; take advantage of the tendency of genes lying close together on a chromosome to be inherited together across generations

A

Linkage Studies

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13
Q

A segment of DNA that varies among individuals, has a known location on a chromosome, and can function as a genetic landmark for a gene involved in a physical or mental condition

A

Genetic Marker

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14
Q

Produce variant forms of genes; may alter just one DNA base or a large part of the chromosome

A

Mutations (Gene variants)

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15
Q

The study of stable changes in the expression of a particular gene that occurs without changes in DNA base sequences

A

Epigenetics

16
Q

A change in gene frequencies with a population over many generations; a mechanism by which genetically influenced characteristics of a population may change

A

Evolution

17
Q

The evolutionary process in which individuals with genetically influenced traits that are adaptive in particular environment tend to survive and to reproduce in greater numbers than do other individuals; as a result, their traits become more common in the population

A

Natural Selection

18
Q

Formulated the principal of natural selection states that the fate of these genetic variations depends on the environment

A

Charles Darwin

19
Q

Innate neural structures in the mind which have distinct established evolutionarily developed functions from a combination of the environment and genetics

A

“Mental Modules”

20
Q

An interdisciplinary field that emphasizes evolutionary explanations of social behavior in animals, including human beings

A

Sociobiology

21
Q

A statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group

A

Heritability

22
Q

Twins that develop from two separate eggs fertilized by different sperm; they are no more alike genetically than are any other pair of siblings

A

Fraternal (dizygotic) Twins

23
Q

Twins that develop when a fertilized egg divides into two parts that develop into separate embryos

A

Identical (monozygotic) Twins

24
Q

A measure of intelligence originally computed by dividing a person’s mental age by his or her chronological age and multiplying the result by 100, it is now derived form norms provided for standardized intelligence tests

A

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Honors Intro to Psychology (4 decks)

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