Chapter 3 Flashcards
Magma
Molten rock
Solidification
Magma turning into a solid
Igneous rock
Rock formed from the solidification magma
What is weathering?
Physical and or chemical breakup of rock
What is erosion?
The simultaneous weathering and transportation of rock
What is sediment
Pieces of rock
What is lithification?
Compaction and cementation of sediment
What is Sedimentary rock?
Rock formed from sediment
What is metamorphism?
Change because of pressure and/or heat
What is metamorphic rock?
Rock formed from metamorphism
What is melting?
Solid rock turning into liquid due to heat
What is lava?
Magma when it is at or near the surface.
What is a cooling location?
Where magma solidifies
What are the two locations?
- Intrusive (rocks formed inside the Earth intrusive rocks.)
- Extrusive (rocks formed or near the surface are called extrusive rocks.)
What is composition?
What a rock is made of (I.e. The minerals in the rock.)
What is texture?
The size, shape, and the arrangement of mineral grains in a rock (true of all types of rock) determined by the cooling location
What does Felsic mean?
High percent of quartz/silica; also contains potassium and sodium rich minerals
What does silica mean?
Silicon and oxygen but no ordered internal structure (meaning it solidifies super fast) (also known as glass)
What does quartz mean?
Silicone and oxygen with ordered internal structure
(Ex: granite(intrusive), rhyolite (exclusive)
Definition of Mafic?
High percent of iron and magnesium rich minerals/lower percent of quartz/silica
(Ex: gabbro (intrusive; common use is “black granite”, base salt (extrusive; lava flows in Hawaii)
What is solidified exclusively, you cannot see the crystals, and is Mafic (ocean crust)
Basalt
What is solidified intrusively, you can see crystals, is felsic (continental crust), used as building material, tombstones, etc.
Granite
What is solidified exclusively, has no time for crystals to form, is also known as volcanic glass, and is Felsic because it is silica
Obsidian
True or false; some intrusive rocks can have super large crystals because they solidified deeper in the crust where it is hotter
True
Is Pumus Felsic or Mafic? What is it used for?
Felsic. Used for Pumice stones, abrasives.
Is Scoria (lava rock) Felsic or Mafic? What is it used for?
More Mafic. Used in landscaping
Cool, petroleum and natural gas, sources of iron and aluminum, house, ground water, sand, and gravel, and certain sandstones are material materials we get from what type of rocks?
Sedimentary rocks
Is basalt felsic or Mafic?
Mafic
Is Rhyolite felsic or Mafic?
Felsic
What are sedimentary rocks?
They are formed from sediment(pieces of rock, weathered, and/or eroded products)
What are the three agents of erosion?
Wind, water, and ice
Building materials, such as granite, tombstones from granite, arrowheads from obsidian and landscaping materials such as scoria are examples of materials we get from what type of rocks?
Igneous rocks
How do rocks form?
- From sediment to becoming cemented or compacted (lithification)
- From minerals, chemically precipitated from water and accumulating.
- From remnants of life accumulating (shells, or fossils)
For rocks that form from lithification, what components do we look at?
- Sorting.
- Roundness.
- Sediment size.
What is a piece of sediment called?
A clast
What are pieces of rock called?
Sediment
Name the diameters of clasts from largest to smallest
boulder, cobble, pebble, sand, silt, clay.
