Chapter 21 Flashcards
What is an earth centered universe called?
Geocentric
What is a heliocentric universe?
A sun centered universe
Who was the first to have a heliocentric view?
Aristarchus
What is the Ptolemaic system?
- A geocentric model= planets had two motions;
• large orbit circles around the earth (deferents)
• small circles called (epicycles)
Who came up with Heliocentric model with the Earth as a planet?
Nicholas Copernicus
Who is geocentric because he couldn’t find the stellar parallax?
Tycho Brahe
Who is heliocentric and created the three laws of planetary motion?
Johannes Kepler
Who is heliocentric and was the first to use/construct the first telescope?
Galileo Galilei
Sir Isaac Newton came up with what law?
The law of universal gravitation
What does a rotation involve?
Turning on an axis/the days on the earth
What is a mean solar day?
The time interval from noon to the next, which is about 24 hours
What is a Sedereal day?
The time of the earths complete rotation (24 hours, 56 minutes, 4 seconds)
What does a revolution include?
The motion of a body(planet or moon) around an object. (the months are by moon phase.)
What is a synodic month?
29.5 days/the apparent moon cycle
What is a Sidereal month?
27.3 days/the moons true cycle
What did the ancient Greeks believe about astronomy?
• they used philosophical arguments to explain natural phenomena
• they had a geocentric view (belief that the universe spawn around emotionless earth at the center)
What are the seven heavenly bodies (wanderers) in order?
• sun
• moon
• mercury
• Venus
• Mars
• Jupiter
• Saturn
Which ancient astronomers had a heliocentric view?
- Aristarchus.
- Nicolas Copernicus.
- Johannes Kepler.
- Galileo Galilei.
- Sir Isaac Newton.
Which ancient astronomers had a geocentric view of the universe?
- Ptolemy
- Tycho Brahe
When the dark side of the moon faces; the moon is between the Earth and the sun.
New Moon
When the dark side of the moon faces; the moon is between the Earth and the sun.
New Moon
When we write, half of the moon is illuminated; from New to Full moon
First Quarter Moon
The illuminated side of the moon faces the Earth and the earth is between the moon and the sun.
Full Moon
When they left half of the moon is illuminated; (from Full to New Moon)
Third-quarter moon
About 1/4 of the moon is illuminated.
Crescent moon
When about 3/4 of the moon is illuminated.
Gibbous Moon
What is waxing?
• when the bright side of the moon is getting bigger
• from new to full moon
• waxing gibbous or crescent
What is waning?
• the bright side of the moon is getting smaller
• from the full moon to the new moon
• waning gibbous or crescent
What is a solar eclipse?
When the moon blocks the sun from the Earth (it only occurs in the new moon phase)
What is a lunar eclipse?
When the Earth blocks the sun from the moon (only occurs in the full moon phase)
What are tides?
Changes in the elevation of the oceans surface
What are tides?
Changes in the elevation of the oceans surface
What tide happens when the sun and moon are in line working together (highest tide)?
The spring tide
What tide happens when the sun and moon are working opposite of each other(smallest tide)
The Neap Tide
Flood current
When excess water floods the shoreline
What is an Ebb current?
When there is not a lot of water/the water “ebbs” away from land
What is a fast, river like, current that is going away from the shoreline?
A rip current
What are patterns in the stars called?
Constellations
What is Diurnal Tide Pattern?
One high tide and one low tide per day, it happens in the Gulf of Mexico
What is a Semidiurnal Tidal pattern?
Too high and low tides per day (there is only a small difference between the higher low tides)
Happens in the Atlantic coast in the US
What is a mixed title pattern?
2 high and low tide per day (there is a huge difference between high and low tide)
Happens in the Pacific coast of the US
What is the difference between a Flood current and an Ebb current?
Flood currents are title currents at advance INTO THE SHORELINE as the tide RISES, and Ebb currents MOVE SEAWARD as the tide FALLS.
