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Biology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What is a plasma membrane?

A

~ “Skin” of cell
~ Protects and supports cell
~ Controls everything that enters and leaves the cell

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1
Q

Parts of a Cell

A
  1. Plasma membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Ribosomes
  4. DNA
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2
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

Inside plasma membrane

Made up of cytosol

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3
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Organelles that make proteins.

A structure In the cytoplasm.

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4
Q

What is DNA?

A

A nucleloid acid in cells that contain genetic information that cells need to make proteins

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5
Q

Selectively preamble

A

The ability to allow only certain molecules to pass I’m and out of a cell

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6
Q

Vacuoles

A

Organelles that store substances in cells.

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7
Q

Flagella/cilia

A

Extensions in the plasma membrane that help organisms movie.

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8
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Cellular “skeleton” that helps cell maintain it shape and holds organelles within the cytoplasm.

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9
Q

Nucleus

A

Largest organelle
Cells control center
Controls which proteins to make

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10
Q

Mitochondria

A

Organelle that provides energy to the cell.
Cells “power house” or “power plant”
Contains its own DNA

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11
Q

ATP

A

Energy carrying molecule

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12
Q

ER

A

Organelle that helps make and transport proteins and lipids

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13
Q

Rough ER

A

Studded with ribosomes
Framework for ribosomes
Makes proteins

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14
Q

Smooth ER

A

No ribosomes
Makes lipids and stores other substances
Vesicles help carry proteins

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15
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Large organelle that processes proteins and prepares them for use in/outside of the cell.

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16
Q

Vesicles/vacuoles

A

Sac-like organelles that store and transport materials in a cell.

17
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Plastids that contain green pigment chlorophyll

18
Q

Large Cell

A

Smaller SA-V ratio.

Not enough SA to get rid of wastes and take in necessary substances

19
Q

Small cells

A

Perfect to pass substances Across surface

Larger SA-V ratio

20
Q

Plant cell vs. Animal cell

A 
Plants cells:
Chloroplasts 
Only certain organelles
Makes own food
Cell wall
Animal cells:
Multi-cellular organism
Nucleus and membrane bound organelles
No cell walls, cell membrane 
Cannot make own food
21
Q

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

A

Prokaryotes:

  • No nucleus
  • single cells(live on own)
  • ones strand of DNA
  • cell walls
  • no organelles

Eukaryotes:

  • nucleus
  • part of Multi-cellular organisms (not single)
  • membrane bound organelles
22
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of substances across the membrane

23
Q

Concentration

A

Number of particles of substances per unit of volume

24
Q

What are two basic ways the substances can cross the cell membrane?

A
  1. Passive Transport

2. Active Transport

25
Q

Passive transport

A

~ Does NOT require energy
~ HIGH —> LOW concentration

Three types:

  1. Simple diffusion
  2. Osmosis
  3. Facilitated diffusion
26
Q

Simple diffusion

A

~ substances move from the side of High concentration to the side of low concentration.
~ small hydropholic molecules

27
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water across the membrane.
~ high to low concentration
~ moves until the concentration is the same of both sides

Three types:

  1. Hypotonic
  2. Hypertonic
  3. Isotonic
28
Q

Hypotonic

A

Less solute, more water

29
Q

Hypertonic

A

Less water, lots of solute

30
Q

Isotonic

A

Solute level is equal inside and outside of the cell

31
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Needs help from transport proteins
Two types of transport proteins:
1. Channel proteins
2. Carrier proteins

32
Q

Channel proteins

A

~ form tiny holes in membrane
~ allows small water molecules to pass through the membrane
~ ion channels

33
Q

Carrier proteins

A

~ bind with specific molecules/ions
~ change shape
~ Carry ions/molecules across the membrane

34
Q

Simple Diffusion vs. Facilitated Diffusion

A

Simple Diffusion:
Things just move right across the membrane; no help needed; no tunnel

Facilitated diffusion:
Needs help from carrier proteins
Protein may have to change shape

35
Q

Active transport

A 
~ NEEDS energy
~ moves from LOW to HIGH Concentration 
~ gets help from transport proteins:
    1. Sodium potassium pump
    2. Vesicles transport
36
Q

Sodium Potassium Pump

A

Sodium ions pumped OUT of cell, potassium ions pumped INto cell.

37
Q

Vesicles Transport

A

Helps large molecule cross the plasma membrane.
Two types :
1. Endocytosis
2. Exocytosis

38
Q

Endocytosis

A

Moves substances into cells

39
Q

Exocytosis

A

Vesicles fuse with the membrane

Moves substances Out of cell.

Biology (8 decks)

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