Chapter 2

Question 0

Matter

Answer 0

Anything that takes up space

Question 1

Molecule

Answer 1

Group of atoms chemically bonded together

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

Pure substance; cannot be broken down

Question 3

Atom

Answer 3

Smallest particle of element

Question 4

Compound

Answer 4

Substance that consists of 2+ elements

Question 5

Four major types of organic compounds?

Answer 5

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids

Question 6

Carbohydrates?

Answer 6

Simple sugars; starch; made up of monosaccharides (small repeating units)

Question 7

Polysaccharides

Answer 7

Simple sugars bonded together in a chain

Question 8

Disaccharides

Answer 8

Double sugars;
Two monosaccharides bonded together by a chemical reaction
Ex. Glucose + fructose = sucrose

Question 9

Lipids?

Answer 9

Oil/fat
Store energy
Repeating units

Question 10

Fatty acids

Answer 10

Repeating units, consists of two types.

Saturated & unsaturated

Question 11

Saturated Fatty Acid

Answer 11

~ Carbon atoms bonded to as many hydrogen atoms.
~ straight chain
~ packed together tightly
~ solid at room temperature

Question 12

Unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 12

~Carbon atoms bonded to not as many hydrogen ~atoms.
~Chain bends
~Not compacted tightly
~Liquid at room temp

Question 13

Animals store energy using…

Answer 13

Saturated fatty acids

Question 14

Plants store energy using…?

Answer 14

Unsaturated fatty acid

Question 15

Proteins

Answer 15

~Made up of small molecules called amino acids.

~help cell keep shape and muscle tissue

Question 16

Amino acids

Answer 16

~20 different kinds
~building blocks of proteins
~bonded together = polypeptide chain

Question 17

Nucleic Acuds

Answer 17

~ DNA & RNA

Question 18

Nucleotides

Answer 18

Building block of DNA

Question 19

Peptide bond

Answer 19

Two amino acids bonded together

Question 20

Properties of water

Answer 20

~ adhesion
~ cohesion
~ temperature moderation
~ surface tension

Question 21

Adhesion

Answer 21

Water molecules attracted to opposite/other substances; opposite molecules attract to each other

Question 22

Cohesion

Answer 22

Water attracted to the same substances; itself

Two like substances attracted to each other

Question 23

Polysaccharides

Answer 23

A whole bunch of monosaccharides together

Question 24

Proton

Answer 24

A positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom

Question 25

Electron

Answer 25

A negatively charged particle in an atom

Question 26

Neutron

Answer 26

Found in nucleus of atoms; no electrical charge

Question 27

Polarity

Answer 27

Different charges within a molecule. One end positive, one end negative.