Chapter 2 Flashcards
Matter
Anything that takes up space
Molecule
Group of atoms chemically bonded together
Element
Pure substance; cannot be broken down
Atom
Smallest particle of element
Compound
Substance that consists of 2+ elements
Four major types of organic compounds?
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates?
Simple sugars; starch; made up of monosaccharides (small repeating units)
Polysaccharides
Simple sugars bonded together in a chain
Disaccharides
Double sugars;
Two monosaccharides bonded together by a chemical reaction
Ex. Glucose + fructose = sucrose
Lipids?
Oil/fat
Store energy
Repeating units
Fatty acids
Repeating units, consists of two types.
Saturated & unsaturated
Saturated Fatty Acid
~ Carbon atoms bonded to as many hydrogen atoms.
~ straight chain
~ packed together tightly
~ solid at room temperature
Unsaturated fatty acid
~Carbon atoms bonded to not as many hydrogen ~atoms.
~Chain bends
~Not compacted tightly
~Liquid at room temp
Animals store energy using…
Saturated fatty acids
Plants store energy using…?
Unsaturated fatty acid
Proteins
~Made up of small molecules called amino acids.
~help cell keep shape and muscle tissue
Amino acids
~20 different kinds
~building blocks of proteins
~bonded together = polypeptide chain
Nucleic Acuds
~ DNA & RNA
Nucleotides
Building block of DNA
Peptide bond
Two amino acids bonded together
Properties of water
~ adhesion
~ cohesion
~ temperature moderation
~ surface tension
Adhesion
Water molecules attracted to opposite/other substances; opposite molecules attract to each other
Cohesion
Water attracted to the same substances; itself
Two like substances attracted to each other
Polysaccharides
A whole bunch of monosaccharides together
Proton
A positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
Electron
A negatively charged particle in an atom
Neutron
Found in nucleus of atoms; no electrical charge
Polarity
Different charges within a molecule. One end positive, one end negative.
