Chapter 3

Question 1

Definition of Shariah

Answer 1

-linguistically means straight path/ religious teaching (manhaj) by some scholars
-terminology, means any ruling revealed to Rasulullah SAW which consists of the laws in the Qur’an and al-Sunnah, which relate to the field of

Question 2

Features of Shariah

Answer 2

1.Rabbaniah
2.Syumuliah
3.Thabat wa murunah
4.’Alamiah
5.Waqi’iyyah

Question 3

Rabbaniah meaning

Answer 3

Revelation from Allah SWT
-shariah is set of laws and a moral system determined by Allah SWT
-free from all weaknesses such as injustice and oppression
- protected and has been refined by Allah.

Question 4

Syumuliah

Answer 4

-Comprehensive
-Islam is a way of life
-The knowledge and teachings of Islam are very broad and cover all
matters of human life.
-The content of Islam is so comprehensive because there is no answer will not be found in it.
-It covers everything from the smallest issues to the bigger ones

Question 5

Thabat Wa Murunah

Answer 5

-Permenant and Change
-The evidence (dalil) is fixed but the interpretation is variable as long as
within the Islamic discipline.
-Since the worldly matters are always changing, it is important the mujtahid to perform ijtihad from time to time using the Shariah sources.
-Therefore, the principle in these sources remains the same, but the branches of knowledge (furu’iyyat) are always variable and flexible

Question 6

‘Alamiah

Answer 6

-Universal
-Islamic Sharia naturally transcends boundaries of color, race, and geography.
-It has never been irrelevant and has always been suitable for use in human life forever.
-People from each corner of the world do not facing a problem in implementing Shariah

Question 7

Waqi’Iyyah

Answer 7

-Realistic and Practical
-Islam is not only a visionary and idealistic system, but it is very practical.
-When Islam came to the people of Arab, almost all nonsense deeds and practices were replaced by better value and attitude.
-The development of Islamic civilization also stems from the acceptance of non-Muslims to its teachings which are practical in nature.

Question 8

Purpose of Shariah

Answer 8

Maqasid Shariah
-refers to the meaning of‘objective of Shariah’ which
carries a meaning based on actual statements or facts.

Question 9

3 purpose of Shariah

Answer 9

-Tahsiniyah
-Hajiah
-Daruriyah

Question 10

Maslahah Daruriyah

Answer 10

-stand for protection of necessities
-5 primary purposes of Shariah by Imam Al-Shatibi

1. Preservation of the religion of faith
2. Preservation of life or self
3. Preservation of the mind or intellect
4. Preservation of the progeny/dignity
5. Preservation of property 1. Preservation of the religion of faith
6. Preservation of life or self
7. Preservation of the mind or intellect
8. Preservation of the progeny/dignity
9. Preservation of property

Question 11

Maslahah Hajiyah

Answer 11

-Hajiyah stand to take care of the needs towards a better life and provide convenience in case of difficulties.
-It eases difficulties and eliminate or reduce hardship in people’s lives.
-Example: to own a vehicle for transportation or to have more shirt

Question 12

Maslahah Tahsiniyah

Answer 12

-Tahsiniyah pertain to all the laws of Shariah that stand for provision for betterment in life.
-It is improving the quality of human life, human conduct and morals.
-Example: have an expensive and a very good car for transportation or buy a branded shirt for its high quality.

Question 13

Fiqh Knowledge meaning

Answer 13

-defined as al-fahmu (الفهم) which means understanding.
-Technically, it refers to the sciences of derived practical legal rules relating to human conduct, as acquired from the sources of Shariah.
-Besides, anyone who was knowledgeable in matters of religion, was called faqih

Question 14

Five Law of Fiqh

Answer 14

-Wajib/ Fard
-Mandub (Sunat)
-Mubah (Harus)
-Makruh
-Haram

Question 15

Wajib/Fard meaning

Answer 15

An obligatory act, with failure to perform it being sinful

Question 16

Mandub

Answer 16

Actions that are not required by law but are considered to are meritorious and will be rewarded

Question 17

Mubah

Answer 17

-Translated as permitted.
-The acts where it is left up to the liable person whether or not to perform them.

Question 18

Makruh

Answer 18

A disliked or offensive act. The action which is done will not get sin and those who leave the action will get a reward

Question 19

Haram

Answer 19

Meaning forbidden or unlawful. The act that cause a sin.

Question 20

Zakat meaning

Answer 20

-Zakat means ‘purification’ of property
- it is also defined as a certain portion of the wealth obligated by Allah for the number of people who are entitled to receive it.

Question 21

2 types of Zakat

Answer 21

1. Zakat al-Fitr (Fitrah)
2. Zakat of wealth (Harta)

Question 22

Property that is obligatory for zakat

Answer 22

1. Gold and silver
2. Livestock
3. algricultural farm
4. Business profit
5. savings
6. Income

Question 23

Advantages of zakat

Answer 23

1. As a sign of gratitude to Allah SWT for the sustenance and blessings bestowed.
2. Eliminate the nature of greed, stinginess and extravagance in human beings.
3. Helping the poor people.

Question 24

The classification of wajib

Answer 24

1. Based on the Subject Who are Required to Perform
2. Based on the Time Available for Performance
3. Based on the Extent of the Required Act
4. Based on the Identification of the Object of the Required

Question 25

Based on the Subject Who are Required to Perform (Wajib)

Answer 25

1. Wajib ‘ayni
   -means the demand for each individual to perform an act according to ability such as prayer, fasting and pilgrimage.
2. Wajib kifai
   -means an act that is obligatory on a society. If someone in the community commits such an act, the rest will not be as responsible such as burying a corpse.

Question 26

Based on the Time Available for Performance:

Answer 26

1. Wajib mutlaq
   -means an act that is not set a definite time for its implementation. For example, the obligation to pay kaffarah due to not fasting in the month of Ramadan.
2. Wajib muqayyad
   -means an obligatory act that has been set at a certain time that has a beginning and an end such as the Subuh prayer which starts from the rising of fajr until a sunrise.

Question 27

Based on the Extent of the Required Act

Answer 27

1. Wajib muhaddad
   -means an act whose amount or extent has been determined like the 5 times daily prayer and the 2.5% amount of zakah from the wealth.
2. Wajib ghair muhaddad
   -means an act whose any amount has not been fixed like spending or charity in the way of Allah and the nafaqah that should be given to the wife or children.

Question 28

Based on the Identification of the Object of the Required

Answer 28

1. Wajib muayyan is the act that is required specifically, there is no choice in it with respect to the act to be performed. Example like prayer.
2. Wajib mukhayyar is act which is not specific but have some of several determined acts, like the punishment (kaffarah) for breaking the oath,
   the person must feed to 10 of needy people, or freeing a slave. There is an optional to perform any of them.

Question 29

3 type of Mandub

Answer 29

1. Sunnah Mu’akkadah
2. Sunnah Ghayr Mu’akkadah
3. Sunnah Zawa’id

Question 30

Sunnah Mu’akkadah

Answer 30

-an act that is recommended by the Prophet
continuously/ very rarely abandoned by the Prophet SAW
-ex: A congregational prayers, azan and iqamah before prayers, reciting qunut during Subuh prayers.

Question 31

Sunnah Ghayr Mu’akkadah

Answer 31

-an indeterminate recommended action
-act that was not done by the Prophet on a regular basis like the acts of sunnah of muakkad. however, we are still encouraged to do these practices
-do a charity, giving a safaqah, helping people

Question 32

Sunnah Zawa’id

Answer 32

The act of prophet pertaining to ordinary daily task as a human being, like his dress, food, drink as well as his dealings with family member

Question 33

Makruh Tahriman

Answer 33

Close to haram. As an example, marrying someone who is infected with HIV

Question 34

Makruh Tanzihan

Answer 34

Makruh by itself. The nature of decree determined by Allah and His messenger on several occassions. For example, eating while standing, solat jamaah lepas makan durian

Question 35

2 type of makruh

Answer 35

1. Makruh Tanzihan
2. Makruh Tahriman

Question 36

2 type of haram

Answer 36

1. Haram li zatihi (by itself)
2. Haram li ghairihi (by external factor)

Question 37

Haram li zatihi

Answer 37

Act that is prohibited for itself is one that was declared prohibited by itself right from the start

Question 39

Haram li ghairihi

Answer 39

-Act that is prohibited due to an external factor
-not prohibited intitially and was legal by itself
-an external factor emerged and led to its prohibition
-eating stolen food

Question 40

4 Islamic Fiqh Knowledge

Answer 40

• Fiqh Ibadah
• Fiqh Muamalah
• Fiqh Munakahah
• Fiqh Jinayah