chapter 3 Flashcards
what do body compartments allow for
separating of biological contents and function between spaces
what is the main advantage of compartments
specialization of function
what is the main disadvantage of compartments
barriers between areas
- issues with transport and communication between compartments
- cells have developed mechanisms to solve issue though
what are the 3 body compartments
- cranial cavity
- thoracic cavity
- abdominal cavity
what is in the cranial cavity
brain and spinal cord
what is in the thoracic cavity
- pleural cavity/sac: lungs
- pericardial cavity/sac: heart
what is in the abdominal cavity
- digetsive organs
- pelvic cavity: digestive and reproductive organs
what are the two fluid compartments
- Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
- Intracellular fluid (ICF)
what is extracellular fluid
- interstitial fluid (surrounds cells)
- Plasma: fluid of blood
what are the main functions of the cell membrane
- physical isolation
- regulation of exchange of connects with the environment
- communication between cell and it’s environment
- structural support
what is the cell membrane mainly composed of
- lipids
- proteins
- small amount f carbohydrates
what type of lipids does the cell membrane contain
- phospholipids: primary lipid
- cholesterol
- sphingolipids
what are the three membrane protein categories
- integral proteins
- peripheral proteins
- lipid-anchored proteins
what are integral proteins
transmembrane proteins that extend all the way across the cell membrane
what are peripheral proteins
non-covalently attached to integral proteins or phospholipid heads
- includes enzymes, structural binging proteins
what are lipid-anchored proteins
inserted into bilayer, covalently bound to lipids in cell membrane
- associated with sphingolipids forming lipid rafts
what are membrane carbohydrates
on external surface of cell and serve as a physical barrier or immune/cell recognition role
what membrane carbohydrates are attracted to membrane
- proteins: glycoproteins
- lipids: glycolipids
what is the cytoskeleton
relabel, changeable three-dimensional scaffolding of proteins that extends through the cytoplasm
what are the cytoskeleton functions:
- cell shape: structural support
- internal organization: stabilizes position of organelles
- intracellular transport: intracellular railroad track
- assembly of cells into tissues: protein fibers connect with extracellular space and connect to other cell protein fiber
- movement: cilia and flagella cells move with assistance of motor proteins
