Chapter 3

Question 1

three tools in criminal investigation or sometimes called as the 3 I’s of criminal investigation
includes:

Answer 1

INFORMATION,
INTERVIEW/INTERROGATION and INSTRUMENTATION

Question 2

It is the knowledge or facts which the investigator had gathered or acquired from persons or documents, which are pertinent or relevant concerning the commission of the crime or criminal activities.

Answer 2

Information

Question 3

It is records, files from the government or non-government agencies, news items.

Answer 3

Regular Sources

Question 4

It is the information furnished by informants or informers

Answer 4

Cultivated Source

Question 5

It when the information is disclosed by the underworld characters such
as prisoners or ex-convicts

Answer 5

Grapevines Source

Question 6

The visible way of obtaining information like conducting interview, patrol, crime scene search, regular performance of police activities and custodial interrogation.

Answer 6

Overt

Question 7

The secret way of obtaining information

Answer 7

Covert

Question 8

the outward manifestations of a criminal event that can be perceived by out five senses – eyes, ears, nose, tongue and hands.

Answer 8

Sensory Form

Question 9

A criminal act may also provide information is a written form like receipts from the motel, food and drinks in the pocket of the suspect.

Answer 9

Written Form

Question 10

The information may actually be in a real form – meaning the failure to retrieve it or receive it at the right time will be useless.

Answer 10

Physical Form

Question 11

The simple questioning of a person believed to possess information, which are relevant to the investigation of a crime or criminal activities.

Answer 11

Interview

Question 12

In an _________, the interviewee is willing and cooperative with the person conducting the interview.

Answer 12

Interview

Question 13

Golden Role in Interview

Answer 13

“Never allow the interviewer to conduct nor let anyone to conduct an interview without prior visit to the
crime scene.”

Question 14

is conducted to willing and cooperative witnesses, where they are given the full opportunity to
narrate their accounts without intervention, interruption and interference from the interviewer.

Answer 14

Cognitive Interview

Question 15

this interview as prescribed by some investigators requires the interviewee to answer the question
posed by the investigator. The interviewee to answer on what he knows about what is being asked.

Answer 15

Question and Answer

Question 16

This is focused only in obtaining data regarding the personal background of the subject, the simplest type of interview used in criminal cases

Answer 16

Background Interview

Question 17

An interview wherein the questions are phrased in a manner such that the subject’s answers are based on his personal opinions or views.

Answer 17

Subjective Interview

Question 18

The questions are designed to acquire the basic and specific data or facts regarding a criminal case. It is the type of interview that complies with the six cardinal points of criminal investigation

Answer 18

Objective Interview

Question 19

It refers to the good relation between the interviewer and the interviewee, which is conducive to a fruitful result

Answer 19

Rapport

Question 20

It is winning the confidence of a person being interviewed in order that he will tell all the information
in his possession

Answer 20

Rapport

Question 21

The appearance of the interviewer and other qualities such as skills of communication techniques or the forces of his language is the mainstays of the strength of his character

Answer 21

Forceful Personality

Question 22

He must be understanding, sympathetic and without showing official arrogance, vulgarity of
expressions and air superiority.

Answer 22

Forceful Personality

Question 23

This will help the interviewer to determine the personality and intelligence of his subjects

Answer 23

KNOWLEDGE ON PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY

Question 24

He must go down in the level of understanding of his particular subject.

Answer 24

KNOWLEDGE ON PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY

Question 25

The interviewer must know how to appropriately use his voice normally, without unusual loudness that may affect the interview process

Answer 25

Conversational Tone of Voice

Question 26

He must possess the qualities of an actor, salesman and psychologist and know how to use the power of persuasion

Answer 26

Acting Qualities

Question 27

He must be courteous, sympathetic and humble, ready to ask apologies for the inconvenience of the interview.

Answer 27

Humility

Question 28

witness who lack the courage to face the suspect, his associates or relatives always entertain the fear of reprisal.

Answer 28

FEAR OF REPRISAL

Question 29

on the part of those of hands-to-mouth existence there is this real inconvenience, which will deprive them the time to earn for their living especially during the ordeal of testifying during the trial

Answer 29

GREAT INCONVENIENCE

Question 30

this hatred maybe due to previous bad experience with rogue members of the police organization.

Answer 30

HATRED AGAINST THE POLICE

Question 31

the witness maybe an acquaintance, friend, helper or benefactor of the suspect. All of these and other relationship of the witnesses to the suspect must be explored so that an intelligent approach is properly applied.

Answer 31

BECAUSE OF BIAS OF WITNESS

Question 32

there are witnesses who are shy and they shun publicity that will bring discomfort to their ordinary or obscure way of living

Answer 32

AVOIDANCE OF PUBLICITY

Question 33

some famous and respected families preserve their reputations by instilling to their members the need of the approval of the elders on matter affecting their families

Answer 33

FAMILY RESTRICTION

Question 34

multiple, complex and legalistic questions should be avoided

Answer 34

One Question at a time

Question 35

the nod of the head or nay other body language as a response to the questions should be avoided.

Answer 35

Avoid Implied Answer

Question 36

a short simple question at a time is required

Answer 36

Simplicity of Questions

Question 37

It will curtail the complete flow of information and will lead to inaccuracy

Answer 37

Yes and No answer

Question 38

this is a reluctant type of witnesses. It is found among the uneducated and of low level of intelligence.

Answer 38

KNOW-NOTHING TYPE

Question 39

this refer to an uncooperative and indifferent subject. To deal with them is to find out their field of interest so that they will talk.

Answer 39

DISINTERESTED TYPE

Question 40

the style of questioning by the investigator should be adapted to the psychology of the subject. When the drunken subject has sobered, another interview will be conducted, confronting hi about his disclosures while in the state of drunkenness.

Answer 40

THE DRUNKEN TYPE

Question 41

this is a witness who is prone to exaggerate, adding irrelevant or new matters to their narration

Answer 41

TALKATIVE TYPE

Question 42

this is the truthful and cooperative witness where the investigator could rely upon, with little or no problem in handling them.

Answer 42

HONEST WITNESS

Question 43

this is a liar type of witness. Let him lie and order him to repeat several times their narration

Answer 43

DECEITFUL WITNESS

Question 44

this is a shy witness.

Answer 44

TIMID WITNESS

Question 45

The approach must be friendly and reassuring confidentiality of their information. It should be hidden from the devouring press by interviews or photo sessions

Answer 45

TIMID WITNESS

Question 46

this is the most difficult subject to deal with. Find out the reasons of his personality such as: Trauma, shock, fear, hatred and others.

Answer 46

REFUSAL TO TALK WITNESS

Question 47

Is the vigorous and confrontational questioning of a reluctant suspect about his participation in the commission of crime.

Answer 47

Interrogation

Question 48

it is confrontational in the sense that the investigator places the guilt on the accused

Answer 48

Interrogation

Question 49

It is one of the most difficult but most interesting phases of criminal investigation and detection.

Answer 49

Interrogation

Question 50

It is a challenging battle of wit between the investigator and the suspect

Answer 50

Interrogation

Question 51

It is a mental combat where the weapon is intelligence and the use of the art

Answer 51

Interrogation

Question 52

It is the direct acknowledgement of guilt

Answer 52

Confession

Question 53

t is a confession that is made by the suspect during custodial investigation or those confessions that are made outside of the court.

Answer 53

EXTRA JUDICIAL CONFESSION

Question 54

The confession is voluntary when the accused speaks of his free will and accord, without any inducement of any kind, with a full and complete knowledge of the nature and the consequences of the confession

Answer 54

VOLUNTARY EXTRA-JUDICIAL CONFESSION

Question 55

This confession obtained through force, threat, intimidation, duress or anything influencing the voluntary act of the confessor

Answer 55

INVOLUNTARY EXTRA JUDICIAL CONFESSION

Question 56

obtained from the defendant by means of force or intimidation/violence is null and void and cannot be used against him/her in the trial and the like.

Answer 56

Confession

Question 57

This confession is made by the accused is open court.

Answer 57

JUDICIAL CONFESSION

Question 58

The plea of guilt maybe made during arraignment or any stage of the proceedings where the accused changes his plea of not guilty to guilty.

Answer 58

JUDICIAL CONFESSION

Question 59

This is conclusive upon the court and may be considered to be a mitigating circumstance to criminal liability.

Answer 59

JUDICIAL CONFESSION

Question 60

A plea of guilty when formally entered on arraignment is sufficient to sustain conviction of any offense, even a capital one, without further proof.

Answer 60

JUDICIAL CONFESSION

Question 61

is indirect acknowledgment of guilt

Answer 61

Admission

Question 62

this is a technique where the investigator, combining the skills of an actor and a psychologist, addresses the suspect with an emotional appeal to confess

Answer 62

Emotional Appeal

Question 63

This is applicable to first time offenders or those who are of the emotional type of characteristics displayed nervousness or emotional disturbances

Answer 63

Emotional Appeal

Question 64

the investigator, in his preliminary or probing questions must dig deep into the past troubles, plight and unfortunate events in the life of the suspect. An offer of help, kindness, friendliness may win his cooperation.

Answer 64

Sympathetic Approach

Question 65

a friendly approach coupled with a posture of sincerity may induce the suspect to confess

Answer 65

Friendliness

Question 66

the investigator bluffs the suspect that even if he will not confess, there is enough evidence to send him to jail.

Answer 66

Pretense of Solid Evidence

Question 67

among the suspects, there must be a careful selection of who among them is the weakest link where the interrogation will begin

Answer 67

Weakest link

Question 68

the weakest link maybe used to fake pain and agony by ordering him to shout, accompanied by banging a chair on the wall to make it appear that a commotion is going on.

Answer 68

Drama

Question 69

he suspect could be tricked that the investigator had gone to the residence and the family members had supplied facts against the suspect

Answer 69

Feigning Contact with Family Members

Question 70

The witnesses' victims or complainant are previously coached about the identity of the suspect

Answer 70

Line Up

Question 71

The suspect is placed among other persons in a line up and he is identified by several complainants and witnesses who will associate the suspect in other several crimes.

Answer 71

Reverse Line Up

Question 72

in the questioning process, the investigator selects the right moment to shout as pertinent question in an apparent righteous outrage.

Answer 72

Jolting

Question 73

The suspect is questioned about his personal life, family, friends and his knowledge about the complainant and witnesses

Answer 73

Opportunity to Lie

Question 74

the first set of investigators must appear to be rough, mean and dangerous. When they had finished the interrogation, the second investigator intervenes by stopping the first set of investigators.

Answer 74

Mutt and Jeff or Sweet and Sour Method

Question 75

If the suspect is an "Ifugao" (person from Ifugao Province), then preferably, an Ifugao investigator is recommended to interrogate him, the same with other ethnic or cultural groups.

Answer 75

Removing the Ethnic or Cultural Barrier

Question 76

in every man's heart, there is always that softest spot.

Answer 76

Searching for the Soft Spot

Question 77

the profuse sweating indicates tension, anxiety, shock of fear

Answer 77

EXCESSIVE SWEATING

Question 78

It is also the result of extreme nervousness or embarrassment. It is necessary a sign of deception or guilt.

Answer 78

CHANGE OF FACIAL COLOR

Question 79

this is a sign of great tension and is reliable symptom of deception.

Answer 79

Dry Mouth

Question 80

An effort to control breathing during the critical questioning is an indication of deception. Gasping of breath is the ultimate result of the control breathing.

Answer 80

EXCESSIVE BREATHING

Question 81

when observed at the side of the neck, the investigator has to discover the increase of pulse beat which is indicative of deception.

Answer 81

INCREASE OF PULSE BEAT

Question 82

this may indicate guilt or deception. Misty or teary indicate remorse or repentance.

Answer 82

AVOIDANCE OF DIRECT EYE CONTACT

Question 83

refers to any person who gives information to the police authorities relative to a crime

Answer 83

Informant

Question 84

any person who furnishes the police information relevant to a criminal case about the activities of criminals or syndicates without any monetary consideration.

Answer 84

Informant

Question 85

It may openly give information or may serve as a witness voluntarily.

Answer 85

Informant

Question 86

he may be an anonymous phone caller, letter writer or a text sender.

Answer 86

ANONYMOUS INFORMANT

Question 87

this kind mostly maintains being anonymous. His purpose is to eliminate the rival persons or gang due to competition or other motives such as revenge, etc.

Answer 87

RIVAL ELIMINATION INFORMANT

Question 88

usually reveals information of no consequence, value or stuff connected with thin air.

Answer 88

False Informant

Question 89

His purpose is to appear to be on the side of the law and for throwing out the suspicion from himself or from his gang or associates

Answer 89

False Informant

Question 90

he is prodded by fear or self interest in giving information to the police

Answer 90

FRIGHTENED INFORMANT

Question 91

He maybe one of the lesser gang member who runs to the police when his gang mates are about to be involved in dangerous situations or when the gang he belongs is hot on the police trail.

Answer 91

FRIGHTENED INFORMANT

Question 92

this kind of informant moves around the centers of criminals, group or syndicate and delights in surprising the police about bits of information

Answer 92

SELF AGGRANDIZING INFORMANT

Question 93

is a person who provides the police with confidential information concerning a previous crime or a projected and planned crime.

Answer 93

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMANT

Question 94

under the law, these informants are protected and their identity could not be revealed by the police even under the order of the court unless on exceptional case where there is a claim of the defense that the informant framed up the accused.

Answer 94

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMANT

Question 95

the informant has information for sale

Answer 95

MERCENARY INFORMANT

Question 96

he uses his seeming desire to divulge information as an excuse to talk to the police in order to get more information from them more than he gives

Answer 96

DOUBLE-CROSSER INFORMANT

Question 97

she maybe the female associate of the criminals, who was roughed up, marginalized in the deal or being eased out from the group

Answer 97

WOMEN INFORMANT

Question 98

They often give free romance that will result in blackmailing the investigator or will result to an extended family for support

Answer 98

WOMEN INFORMANT

Question 99

a person who provides information to the police on a regular basis.

Answer 99

Informer

Question 100

They are cultivated and established by the police on a more or less permanent character and as long as they are loyal and useful to the police organizations

Answer 100

Informer

Question 101

the person who performs skillful questioning of hostile witness and suspects for purposes of obtaining confession or admission.

Answer 101

Interrogator

Question 102

this points to the subject of interrogation whether a suspect or a victim.

Answer 102

Interrogee

Question 103

denotes any person associated to the commission of a crime

Answer 103

Suspect

Question 104

It refers to any person whose guilt is considered on reasonable on reasonable ground to be a practical possibility

Answer 104

Suspect

Question 105

is a person other than the suspect, who is requested to give information concerning an incident.

Answer 105

Witnesses

Question 106

He may be a victim, complainant, an accuser, a source of information, and an observer of the occurrence, a scientific specialist who has examined physical evidence or a custodian of official documents

Answer 106

Witnesses

Question 107

It is the process of applying instruments or tools of the police sciences in criminal investigation and detection.

Answer 107

Instrumentation

Question 108

He is a Frenchman who founded criminal identification by body measurement.

Answer 108

Alphonse Bertillon

Question 109

Who founded the Anthropometry

Answer 109

Alphonse Bertillon

Question 110

It is replaced the Anthropometry

Answer 110

Dactyloscopy

Question 111

who founded the fingerprint classification

Answer 111

Juan Vocetich

Question 112

Popularized the dactyloscopy

Answer 112

Sir Edward Richard Henry

Question 113

Its usefulness in criminal investigation cannot be questioned because its infallibility because no two persons have the same fingerprints not even the ten neighboring fingers of the same persons.

Answer 113

Dactyloscopy

Question 114

Who discovered the Forensic Serology

Answer 114

Karl Landsteiner

Question 115

It is the agglutination of human blood. This discovery demonstrated that blood possesses certain characteristics, which allowed the designation A, B, AB and 0.

Answer 115

Forensic Serology

Question 116

Who developed Forensic Ballistic

Answer 116

Dr. Calvin H. Goddard

Question 117

It is used for determining whether or not the evidence bullet and test bullet came from a single gun through the use of bullet comparison microscope

Answer 117

Forensic Ballistic

Question 118

Who founded Poroscopy

Answer 118

Edmond Locard

Question 119

It deals with the identification of sweat pores, he proved that pores vary in number, size and position in each individual

Answer 119

Poroscopy

Question 120

Who developed Polygraph

Answer 120

John Larson

Question 121

It is effective in limiting the suspects in number as in the hand of an expert and dependable machine its result is excellent.

Answer 121

Polygraph

Question 122

A British biologist and genetics expert, discovered the concept of DNA genetic fingerprinting.

Answer 122

Alex Jeffrey