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Immunology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Factors Influencing the Immune Response

A

Age
Overall wellness
Route of Inoculation
Dose
Genetic Predisposition

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2
Q

How does age influence immune response

A

older individuals have a decreased response to antigenic stimulation
neonates have an underdeveloped immune
system

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3
Q

What health and wellness factors can affect the immune response

A

fatigue
malnutrition
stress

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4
Q

List the most common routes of inoculation

A

Intravenous
Intramuscular
Intradermal
Subcutaneous
Oral

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5
Q

Immunogen

A

Substance capable of stimulating an adaptive immune response

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6
Q

Antigen

A

A substance specifically recognized by the immune system. (All immunogens are antigens, but not all antigens are immunogens)

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7
Q

Traits of immunogens

A

Macromolecular size of at least 10,000 daltons
The more unrelated to the host, the more successful
Proteins are most effective (then polysaccharides)

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8
Q

Epitopes

A

Part of immunogen recognized by lymphocytes

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9
Q

Linear epitopes

A

sequential

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10
Q

Conformational epitopes

A

folding of one or more chains

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11
Q

Haptens

A

Small and nonimmunogenic by themselves
Create new antigenic determinants when combined with a carrier

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12
Q

Adjuvants

A

Used in many vaccines to enhance the immune response
Stimulate innate immune receptors
Prevent antigen from diffusing away from inoculation site

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13
Q

Autoantigens

A

Belong to host
Do not usually evoke immune response (if so, autoimmune disease)

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14
Q

Alloantigens

A

From other members of the host’s species
(ex. in organ transplant gone wrong)

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15
Q

Heteroantigen

A

From other species (animals, plants, or microbes)

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16
Q

Heterophile antigens

A

exist in unrelated plants or animals by are identical to or closely related causing antibody cross reaction

17
Q

MHC

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex
Determine whether transplanted tissue is histocompatible, or recognized as foreign and rejected

18
Q

Class I MHC

A

Present endogenous antigens to CD8+ T cells, triggering a cytotoxic reaction

19
Q

Class II MHC

A

Present exogenous antigens to CD4+ T cells (helper cells) for antibody production

20
Q

HLA Allele for Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

B27

21
Q

HLA Allele for Celiac Disease

A

DQ2
DQ8

22
Q

HLA Allele for Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

DR4

23
Q

HLA Allele for Type 1Diabetes Mellitus

A

DQ8
DQ2

Immunology (8 decks)

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