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Psychology Chapters One And Two > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is included in the CNS?

A

(central nervous system)

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What is included in the PNS?

A

(peripheral nervous system)

The rest of the nerves

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3
Q

What are the two main cells of the nervous system?

A

Glia and Neurons

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4
Q

What are glia cells?

A

Support cells; serve and protect by cautioning and keeping neurons in position

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5
Q

What are neurons?

A

Carries information with electrical and chemical signals

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6
Q

What are the main building blocks of neurons?

A
  • cell body (Stoma)
  • dendrites
  • axons
  • terminal buttons
  • myelin
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7
Q

What is the stoma?

A

the cell body which has the machinery to keep the neuron alive

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8
Q

What are dendrites?

A

receives info; listens and protects

the trees

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9
Q

What is an axon?

A

transmits input and at its end is the terminal button; varies in size from a mm to a m

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10
Q

What is a terminal button?

A

source of communication

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11
Q

What is the myelin?

A

The fatty insulation that protects the neuron

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12
Q

The neuron communicates through what?

A

nerve impulses

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13
Q

There is fluid inside and outside of the neuron containing what?

A

Charged particles

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14
Q

When the neuron is at rest, what are the charges inside and outside the cell?

A

The inside has a (-) negative charge compared to the outside.

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15
Q

What is resting potential?

A

stored energy

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16
Q

What is action potential?

A

the action potential is when there is an electrical shift occuring down the axon in a wave, to send a message

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17
Q

When a neuron is at rest what is the voltage?

A

-70 mV

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18
Q

What is the stimulus threshold and its value?

A

The amount the voltage needs to increase for the neuron to fire; needs to increase to -60 mV

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19
Q

What are some principles of action potential?

A
  • all or nothing law
  • once triggered AP travels down to the end of the neuron
  • travels in only one direction
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20
Q

Where is the point of communication between neurones?

A

synapse

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21
Q

What are terminal buttons?

A

the sacs that carry neurotransmitters to the end of the pre synapse

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22
Q

What is the synaptic cleft?

A

the space btw the pre synapse and the post synapse

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23
Q

Where are the lock and key (receptor sites) of the synapse found?

A

post synapse

24
Q

What happens when the neurotransmitters attach to the post synapse?

A

There is postsynaptic potential (from a small charge being created), which changes the probability of the next neuron firing

25
Q

What is excitatory post synapse potential (PSP)?

A

temporary depolarization of postsynaptic membrane potential caused by the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell as a result of opening of ligand-gated ion channels.

26
Q

What does Inhibitory PSP do?

A

makes the post synaptic neuron less likely to generate action potential

27
Q

Neurotransmitters are recycled via what process?

A

reuptake (the process of enzymes breaking down neurotransmitters

28
Q

What is GABA?

A

GABA is a chemical messenger that is widely distributed in the brain. GABA’s natural function is to reduce the activity of the neurons to which it binds.
inhibitor effect; relates to anxiety and motor control

29
Q

Drugs that increase GABA activity are called what?

A

agonistic (increase binding)

30
Q

What is dopamine?

A

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that helps control the brain’s reward and pleasure centers

31
Q

What two disorders are associated with dopamine?

A

Parkenson’s (they lose muscle control due to cells that produce dopamine dying off
Schizophrenia (treated with antagonist because they have too much dopamine)

32
Q

What is tardine a side effect of?

A

Antagonistic drugs of dopamine

33
Q

What is serotonin associated with?

A

sleep and mood; when there is not enough serotonin you become depressed; when you take drugs like ecstasy you make production of serotonin happen quickly and the cells get tired and with over use of the drug they will die off

34
Q

Within the peripheral nervous system there are 2 main subgroups. Name them.

A

Somatic and automonic

35
Q

Name the two subgroups of the autonomic nervous system.

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

36
Q

What are afferent nerves?

A

nerves in the peripheral nervous system responsible for taking sensory information to the CNS;
Afferent Approach CNS

37
Q

What are Efferent Nerves?

A

nerves in the PNS that take messages from CNS via motor nerves;
Efferent Exit

38
Q

What does the Somatic System do?

A

keeps CNS in contact with the external environment;

VOLENTARY (talks to skeletal muscle)

39
Q

What does the Autonomic System do?

A

keeps CNS in touch with internal environment

AUTOMATIC/ INVOLUNTARY

40
Q

What is the spinal cords main focus?

A

transmits messages btw PNS and the brain

41
Q

Name the 3 main areas of the brain.

A

hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

42
Q

What do you find in the hind brain?

A

medulla (life functions lie circulation)
pons (active when dreaming)
cerebellum (balance and spacial skills)

43
Q

What is found in the midbrain?

A

reticular formation (band of fibres that filter noise when sleeping)

44
Q

What is the main function of the forebrain?

A

emotion and complex thought

45
Q

What is found in the forebrain?

A
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • hippocampus (controls memory); part of limbic system
  • amygdala (basic function, when damaged reactions become overblown);part of limbic system
  • cerebral cortex
46
Q

What does the hippocampus do?

A

controls memory

47
Q

What does the amygdala do?

A

controls basic functions

48
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

sensory perception regarding motor function

49
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

links nervous system to endocrine system; controls autonomic function

50
Q

Where is grey matter found?

A

cerebral cortex

51
Q

Name the 4 lobes of the brain.

A

occipital (eyes)
parietal (visual spatial)
temporal (auditory)
frontal (movement)

52
Q

Whats the main function of the occipital lobe?

A

eyes

53
Q

What is the main function of the parietal lobe?

A

visual spatial

54
Q

What is the main function of the temporal lobe?

A

auditory

55
Q

What is the main function of the frontal lobe?

A

movement

56
Q

What is the prefrontal portion of the brain responsible for and why is it special?

A

higher function; special because its only found in humans

57
Q

What does contralateral control refer to?

A

Right side of brain controls left side of body and vice versa.

Psychology Chapters One And Two (4 decks)

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