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Psychology Chapters One And Two > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the CNS?

A

(central nervous system)

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What is included in the PNS?

A

(peripheral nervous system)

The rest of the nerves

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3
Q

What are the two main cells of the nervous system?

A

Glia and Neurons

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4
Q

What are glia cells?

A

Support cells; serve and protect by cautioning and keeping neurons in position

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5
Q

What are neurons?

A

Carries information with electrical and chemical signals

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6
Q

What are the main building blocks of neurons?

A
  • cell body (Stoma)
  • dendrites
  • axons
  • terminal buttons
  • myelin
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7
Q

What is the stoma?

A

the cell body which has the machinery to keep the neuron alive

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8
Q

What are dendrites?

A

receives info; listens and protects

the trees

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9
Q

What is an axon?

A

transmits input and at its end is the terminal button; varies in size from a mm to a m

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10
Q

What is a terminal button?

A

source of communication

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11
Q

What is the myelin?

A

The fatty insulation that protects the neuron

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12
Q

The neuron communicates through what?

A

nerve impulses

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13
Q

There is fluid inside and outside of the neuron containing what?

A

Charged particles

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14
Q

When the neuron is at rest, what are the charges inside and outside the cell?

A

The inside has a (-) negative charge compared to the outside.

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15
Q

What is resting potential?

A

stored energy

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16
Q

What is action potential?

A

the action potential is when there is an electrical shift occuring down the axon in a wave, to send a message

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17
Q

When a neuron is at rest what is the voltage?

A

-70 mV

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18
Q

What is the stimulus threshold and its value?

A

The amount the voltage needs to increase for the neuron to fire; needs to increase to -60 mV

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19
Q

What are some principles of action potential?

A
  • all or nothing law
  • once triggered AP travels down to the end of the neuron
  • travels in only one direction
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20
Q

Where is the point of communication between neurones?

A

synapse

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21
Q

What are terminal buttons?

A

the sacs that carry neurotransmitters to the end of the pre synapse

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22
Q

What is the synaptic cleft?

A

the space btw the pre synapse and the post synapse

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23
Q

Where are the lock and key (receptor sites) of the synapse found?

A

post synapse

24
Q

What happens when the neurotransmitters attach to the post synapse?

A

There is postsynaptic potential (from a small charge being created), which changes the probability of the next neuron firing

25
What is excitatory post synapse potential (PSP)?
temporary depolarization of postsynaptic membrane potential caused by the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell as a result of opening of ligand-gated ion channels.
26
What does Inhibitory PSP do?
makes the post synaptic neuron less likely to generate action potential
27
Neurotransmitters are recycled via what process?
reuptake (the process of enzymes breaking down neurotransmitters
28
What is GABA?
GABA is a chemical messenger that is widely distributed in the brain. GABA's natural function is to reduce the activity of the neurons to which it binds. inhibitor effect; relates to anxiety and motor control
29
Drugs that increase GABA activity are called what?
agonistic (increase binding)
30
What is dopamine?
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that helps control the brain's reward and pleasure centers
31
What two disorders are associated with dopamine?
Parkenson's (they lose muscle control due to cells that produce dopamine dying off Schizophrenia (treated with antagonist because they have too much dopamine)
32
What is tardine a side effect of?
Antagonistic drugs of dopamine
33
What is serotonin associated with?
sleep and mood; when there is not enough serotonin you become depressed; when you take drugs like ecstasy you make production of serotonin happen quickly and the cells get tired and with over use of the drug they will die off
34
Within the peripheral nervous system there are 2 main subgroups. Name them.
Somatic and automonic
35
Name the two subgroups of the autonomic nervous system.
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
36
What are afferent nerves?
nerves in the peripheral nervous system responsible for taking sensory information to the CNS; Afferent Approach CNS
37
What are Efferent Nerves?
nerves in the PNS that take messages from CNS via motor nerves; Efferent Exit
38
What does the Somatic System do?
keeps CNS in contact with the external environment; | VOLENTARY (talks to skeletal muscle)
39
What does the Autonomic System do?
keeps CNS in touch with internal environment | AUTOMATIC/ INVOLUNTARY
40
What is the spinal cords main focus?
transmits messages btw PNS and the brain
41
Name the 3 main areas of the brain.
hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain
42
What do you find in the hind brain?
medulla (life functions lie circulation) pons (active when dreaming) cerebellum (balance and spacial skills)
43
What is found in the midbrain?
reticular formation (band of fibres that filter noise when sleeping)
44
What is the main function of the forebrain?
emotion and complex thought
45
What is found in the forebrain?
- thalamus - hypothalamus - hippocampus (controls memory); part of limbic system - amygdala (basic function, when damaged reactions become overblown);part of limbic system - cerebral cortex
46
What does the hippocampus do?
controls memory
47
What does the amygdala do?
controls basic functions
48
What does the thalamus do?
sensory perception regarding motor function
49
What does the hypothalamus do?
links nervous system to endocrine system; controls autonomic function
50
Where is grey matter found?
cerebral cortex
51
Name the 4 lobes of the brain.
occipital (eyes) parietal (visual spatial) temporal (auditory) frontal (movement)
52
Whats the main function of the occipital lobe?
eyes
53
What is the main function of the parietal lobe?
visual spatial
54
What is the main function of the temporal lobe?
auditory
55
What is the main function of the frontal lobe?
movement
56
What is the prefrontal portion of the brain responsible for and why is it special?
higher function; special because its only found in humans
57
What does contralateral control refer to?
Right side of brain controls left side of body and vice versa.

Psychology Chapters One And Two (4 decks)

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