Chapter 3

Question 1

Characteristic or measure obtained by using the data values from a sample

Answer 1

Statistic

Question 2

Characteristic or measure obtained by using all the data values from a specific population

Answer 2

Parameter

Question 3

Rounding is the last step
Round to one more decimal point than in original data

Answer 3

General Rounding Rule

Question 4

The sum of the total X values, divided by the total number of values

Answer 4

Mean

Question 5

Calculated by using sample data. This is a statistic

Answer 5

Sample Mean

Question 6

Calculated by using all the values in the population. Population is a parameter

Answer 6

Population Mean

Question 7

When data is in numeric order

Answer 7

Data Array

Question 8

Midpoint of the data array. Symbol is MD

Answer 8

Median

Question 9

The value that occurs most often in a data set

Answer 9

Mode

Question 10

Data set that only has one value that occurs with the greatest frequency

Answer 10

Unimodal

Question 11

Data set that has two values that occur with the same greatest frequency

Answer 11

Bimodal

Question 12

A data set that has more than two values that occur with the same greatest frequency

Answer 12

Multimodal

Question 13

No data value occurs more than once

Answer 13

No mode

Question 14

Class with the largest frequency

Answer 14

Modal Class

Question 15

Extremely low data values or extremely high data values in a data set

Answer 15

Outliers

Question 16

Rough estimate of the middle. Affected by outliers.
(Defined as the sum of the lowest and highest values in the data set divided by 2)

Answer 16

Midrange (MR)

Question 17

Mean that considers an additional factor. Used when the values are not all equally represented

Answer 17

Weighted Mean

Question 18

Majority of the data values fall to the left of the mean and cluster at the lower end of the distribution; tail is to the right.
Mean is to the right of the median, and mode is to the left of the median.

Answer 18

Positively skewed or right-skewed distribution

Question 19

Data values are evenly distributed on both sides of the mean (when the distribution is unimodal, the mean, median, and mode are the same and at the center of the distribution)

Answer 19

Symmetric Distribution

Question 20

Majority of the data values fall to the right of the mean and cluster at the upper end of the distribution. Mean is to the left of the median, and mode is to the right of the median.

Answer 20

Negatively skewed or left-skewed

Question 21

Highest value minus the lowest value

Answer 21

Range (R)

Question 22

Based on the difference or distance each data value is from the mean

Answer 22

Data Variation

Question 23

Data variation difference or distance is called

Answer 23

Deviation

Question 24

Average of the squares of the distance each value is from the mean

Answer 24

Population Variance

Question 25

Square root of the variance

Answer 25

Population Standard Deviation

Question 26

Standard deviation divided by the mean. Results are represented as a percentage

Answer 26

Coefficient of Variation (CVar)

Question 27

Range used to approximate the standard deviation. Only is an approximation and should be used when distribution is unimodal and roughly symmetric

Answer 27

Range Rule of Thumb

Question 28

Specifies the portions of the spread in terms of the standard deviation (The proportion of values from a data set that will fall within k standard deviations of the mean will be at least 1-1/k^2) Can be used to find the minimum percentage of data values that will fall between any two given values

Answer 28

Chebyshev’s Theorem

Question 29

When distribution is bell-shaped

Answer 29

Empirical Rule

Question 30

Changing the data values to a different scale i.e) Changing data values to Fahrenheit scale

Answer 30

Linear Transformation of The Data

Question 31

Z score or Standard Score

Answer 31

A value obtained by subtracting the mean from the value and dividing the result by the standard deviation. The symbol is Z.

Question 32

Percentiles

Answer 32

Divide the data set into 100 equal groups.

Question 33

Quartiles

Answer 33

Divide the distribution into four equal groups

Question 34

Interquartile Range (IQR)

Answer 34

The difference between the third and first quartiles

Question 35

Outlier

Answer 35

Extremely low data value when compared with the rest of the data values

Question 36

Exploratory data analysis (EDA)

Answer 36

data can be organized using a stem and leaf plot. This measure of central currency is the median.

Question 37

Boxplot

Answer 37

Graph of a data set obtained by drawing a horizontal line from the minimum data value to Q1, drawing a horizontal line from Q3 to the maximum data value, and drawing a box whose vertical sides pass through Q1 and Q3 with a vertical line inside the box passing through the median or Q2.

Question 38

Modified boxplot

Answer 38

Can be drawn and used to check for outliers