Chapter 3 Flashcards
divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories in 1787 and established guidelines under which new territories could be admitted to the Union as states.
Northwest Ordinance
land acquisition made under President Thomas Jefferson that was the United States’ largest land purchase, roughly doubling the country’s size.
Louisiana Purchase
War fought against Great Britain in response to British impressment of US sailors and Native American resistance to US settlement that many in the West saw as being encouraged by the British.
War of 1812
military hero of the War of 1812 and eventually the president who would sanction the removal of the Cherokee people from the southeastern United States.
Andrew Jackson
victory won by Andrew Jackson at the end of the War of 1812; it was actually fought after a treaty had been signed but before it had been ratified.
Battle of New Orleans
Statement in which President James Monroe stated that the United States would not tolerate European intervention in the affairs of any independent nation in the Americas. He also made it clear that the American continents were no longer open to European colonization and that the US would view any future attempts to colonize as acts of aggression. Finally, the president
promised that the United States would not interfere in the internal affairs of other American countries, nor in those of European nations
Monroe Doctrine
Compromise meant to maintain the balance of power between slave and free states which declared that Missouri would be admitted to the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state. In addition, the southern boundary of Missouri, 36°30’ N, would become a dividing line for any new states admitted to the Union. All new states north of that line would be free states, while those to the south would be slave states.
Missouri Compromise
After Texas won its independence from Mexico, many in the US wanted to annex the territory, and most Texans wanted to be annexed as well. The issue was controversial, however, because northern free states did not want Texas admitted as a slave territory. Eventually, a joint resolution of Congress approved annexation just prior to James K. Polk becoming president.
Texas Annexation
Territory that was claimed by both Great Britain and the United States. Many settlers moved there in search of gold and other rich resources that the land offered.
Oregon Territory
Treaty ending US war with Mexico which required Mexico to surrender the New Mexico and California territories to the United States in exchange for financial compensation
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Purchase negotiated by James Gadsden at the direction of President Franklin Pierce that gave the United States parts of present-day New Mexico and Arizona in exchange for $10 million.
Gasden Purchase
Compromise that allowed California to be admitted as a free state, instituted popular sovereignty in the Utah and New Mexico territories, and established the Fugitive Slave Law.
Compromise of 1850
Native American tribe that lived in parts of the Carolinas and Georgia, adapted to white culture more than any other tribe, and which had helped Andrew Jackson during the War of 1812. They were eventually forced to relocate to Oklahoma under the Indian Removal Act. Many Cherokee people died during the journey.
Cherokee
Name given to the journey of the Cherokee people as they were forced under the Indian Removal Act to move from their homes in the Carolinas and Georgia to march west to reservations in Oklahoma. It was so named because over one quarter of the Cherokee people died from disease, starvation, and exposure to the bitter cold along the way.
Trail of Tears
A machine that separated seeds from cotton. The gin made cotton the most profitable crop in the South and resulted in the region becoming known as a “cotton kingdom.”
Cotton Gin by Eli Whitney
