Chapter 2

Question 1

British fought French & Native Americans for control of North America; British won

Answer 1

French and Indian War

Question 2

General search warrants that allowed British authorities to search whatever they wanted and for whatever reason; used to board and search colonial ships as a way of enforcing the Navigation Laws

Answer 2

Writs of Assistance

Question 3

Issued by King George III; forbade colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains and put the territory under British military control

Answer 3

Proclamation of 1763

Question 4

Law which required tax to be paid on all printed material

Answer 4

Stamp Act

Question 5

Protest slogan made by colonists in which they appealed to the fact that they had no one in Parliament speaking for them; therefore, they did not have to obey laws requiring them to pay taxes

Answer 5

No Taxation w/o Representation

Question 6

Law passed by Parliament that stated it had the authority to tax the colonies

Answer 6

Declaratory Act

Question 7

British soldiers fired shots at an angry mob of colonists; several killed; event depicted as a brutal slaying of innocent civilians and increased colonial resentment; March, 1770

Answer 7

Boston Massacre

Question 8

Protest in which colonists dressed as Mohawk Indians, raided British ships, and dumped crates of tea into Boston harbor; December, 1773

Answer 8

Boston Tea Party

Question 9

Passed by Parliament in response to the tea party; closed harbor and placed a military governor over Massachusetts. England also expanded the Canadian border, taking land away from certain colonies

Answer 9

Coercive/Intolerable Acts

Question 10

Meeting of colonial representatives in September, 1774; issued statement to the king that colonists had a right to be represented in their government and, since they were not, they were entitled to govern themselves

Answer 10

First Continental Congress

Question 11

Small towns where first shots of Revolutionary War were fired

Answer 11

Lexington & Concord

Question 12

Meeting of colonial representatives in 1775 to deal with the events at Lexington and Concord; those in attendance later voted to declare independence

Answer 12

Second Continental Congress

Question 13

Author of Declaration of Independence, leader of the anti-federalists and late the Democratic-Republicans who believed in a strict interpretation of Constitution; later served as Secretary of State and third President of US

Answer 13

Thomas Jefferson

Question 14

Idea that all men are created equal

Answer 14

Egalitarianism

Question 15

Another term for natural rights that government cannot morally take away; include “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

Answer 15

Inalienable/Natural Rights

Question 16

Document drafted by Jefferson and signed by Second Continental Congress that officially proclaims the US is a free and independent nation

Answer 16

Declaration of Independence

Question 17

Commander of the Continental army; presided at Constitutional Convention; first President of US

Answer 17

George Washington

Question 18

Colonial forces led by Horatio Gates defeated British in this battle; convinced the French the colonies could possibly win the war so they decided to give aid to the American forces

Answer 18

Saratoga

Question 19

site of the final major battle of the revolutionary war and where Cornwallis surrendered to Washington

Answer 19

Yorktown

Question 20

first attempt by the United States at a national body of laws. It failed because it did not give enough power to the federal (national) government to lead effectively.

Answer 20

Articles of Confederation

Question 21

body of national laws for the United States of America which also serve as the framework of the nation’s government.

Answer 21

Constitution

Question 22

compromise at the Constitutional Convention that stated that each slave would count as “three-fifths of a person” in terms of population

Answer 22

3/5 Compromise

Question 23

compromise plan proposed at the Constitutional Convention that was adopted by the delegates. It established a legislative branch with two houses. One house, called the House of Representatives, would be elected directly by the people and each state granted a certain number of seats based on population. The other house, called the Senate, would be elected by state legislatures with each state having two senators, regardless of population. Together, the two houses would comprise Congress.

Answer 23

Great Compromise

Question 24

Under this agreement, Northerners who opposed the slave trade agreed to allow it to continue for twenty years, after which time Congress could impose regulations. This was important to Southerners who insisted that their economy could not survive without the slave trade

Answer 24

Slave Trade Compromise

Question 25

the first ten amendments (additions) to the Constitution which stem from many of the principles expressed in the Declaration of Independence and which are intended to protect the civil rights of citizens

Answer 25

Bill of Rights

Question 26

faction/political party that favored a strong central government and supported the Constitution. They tended to have a loose interpretation of the Constitution, favored the interest of business over agriculture, and were led by men like Alexander Hamilton.

Answer 26

Federalist Party

Question 27

faction that opposed the Federalists and wanted to see stronger state governments. They eventually formed the foundation of the Democratic-Republican party. They tended to favor farming over business and had a strict interpretation of the Constitution. Thomas Jefferson was one of their main leaders

Answer 27

Anti-Federalists/Democratic Republicans

Question 28

written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay in order to make their case for the Constitution and to persuade New York’s legislature to ratify it

Answer 28

Federalists Papers

Question 29

Washington’s secretary of the treasury and one of the Federalists main leaders. His economic plan helped the nation’s economy survive following ratification of the Constitution.

Answer 29

Alexander Hamilton

Question 30

A loose interpretation is the view that the Constitution grants the federal government the authority to take certain actions not specifically stated in the document so long as such actions are deemed necessary for carrying out the government’s constitutional responsibilities. By contrast, a strict interpretation asserts that the federal government can only do what the Constitution specifically says

Answer 30

Interpretations of the Constitution

Question 31

Group that believed in a strong national government, felt that political power should be entrusted to the educated upper classes, and supported business over agriculture. Hamilton was a key figure in the Federalist Party

Answer 31

Federalist Party

Question 32

Party that arose in opposition to the Federalists. Their leader was Thomas Jefferson. Democratic-Republicans favored stronger state governments and a weaker national government

Answer 32

Anti-Federalists

Question 33

acts passed by the Federalists which established residency requirements for citizenship, allowed for the arrest and detainment of suspicious foreigners, and placed restrictions of free speech. These laws outraged Democratic-Republicans because they were often used to silence Federalist critics and were seen as favoring Federalists politically

Answer 33

Alien & Sedition Acts

Question 34

These resolutions stated that if a state believed a federal law to be unconstitutional, then it did not have to obey or enforce it. They established the doctrine of nullification.

Answer 34

Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

Question 35

idea that states can nullify (not be bound by/ignore) a national law that they believe violates the Constitution

Answer 35

Doctrine of Nulification

Question 36

a form of government in which the people elect representatives to vote on matters, pass laws, and set public policy for them.

Answer 36

Representative Government

Question 37

a form of government in which the people rule by voting or voicing their opinions

Answer 37

Democracy

Question 38

system in which power is divided among more than one branch of government in order to prevent any one body or individual from becoming too powerful.

Answer 38

Seperation of Powers

Question 39

system in which one branch of government has certain ways to “check” the powers of the other branches.

Answer 39

Checks & Balances

Question 40

system in which power is shared between more than one level of government (ie, federal and state).

Answer 40

Federalism

Question 41

branch responsible for making the laws; Congress

Answer 41

Legislative Branch

Question 42

house of Congress based on each state’s population

Answer 42

House of Representatives

Question 43

house of Congress in which each state has two representatives

Answer 43

Senate

Question 44

branch responsible for enforcing the laws (the president, vice president).

Answer 44

Executive Branch

Question 45

chief executive of the United States and commander-in-chief of the nation’s military forces. He/she serves as the nation’s leader.

Answer 45

President

Question 46

branch of government responsible for making sure laws are administered appropriately

Answer 46

Judicial Branch

Question 47

when the court uses past legal decisions to make rulings of law because there is no written law or its meaning is open to debate

Answer 47

Precendence

Question 48

court case that established the Supreme Court’s authority of judicial review

Answer 48

Marbury vs. Madison

Question 49

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who wrote the majority opinion in Marbury v. Madison

Answer 49

John Marshall

Question 50

power of the Supreme Court to declare acts of Congress and/or state legislatures unconstitutional

Answer 50

Judicial Review