Chapter 3 Flashcards
repository/ depot preparation
injectable drug in a substance that delays its absorption
ampule
small sterile prefilled glass containers containing medication for injection
bolus
concentrated mass of drug
continuous infusion of fluids
administration of a large volume of fluid continuously over extended periods of time
intermittent IV therapy
dilution of a drug dose in a small volume of fluid that is administered over a period of time (typically 30-60 min) via an indwelling catheter
irritating/hyperosmotic solutions
solution types that should not be given subcutaneously
volatilized
turned into a gas
cream
drug suspended in water-oil emulsion
paste
drug suspended in a semisolid preparation that retains its state at body temperature
lotion
suspended in liquid for dabbing, brushing, or dipping on skin without friction
therapeutic range
the plasma concentrations of a drug that produce the desired effect in the animal with minimal or no signs of toxicity
how are drugs prepared for nebulization?
volatilized for inhalation
when does the onset of drug action begin?
when the drug achieves MEC
what are the 6 rights of drug administration?
right drug, right dose, right time, right route, right patient, right documentation
why are drugs given at certain times?
to keep plasma levels within normal range
what do you document in the medical record after giving a drug?
drug name, dose administered, time and date of administration, route and site if given by injection, patient’s response, initials/signature
subtherapeutic range
the drug concentration in the body below the MEC
toxicity
drug concentration in the body above the MTC, patient shows signs of toxicity
maximum safe concentration (MSC)
drug reaches its highest plasma concentration without producing toxic effects, and it is the concentration achieved by administration of the highest dosage of the drug that can be safely administered
duration of drug action
length of time the drug produces the desired effect and is related to the amount of time the drug concentration is at or above MEC
what are some factors of getting and keeping drugs in therapeutic range?
properties of the drug, health and physiology of the animal, balance between rate of drug entry and rate of drug elimination
aqueous solution
solutions of drugs dissolved in liquid, usually water
emulsion
mixture of 2 immiscible liquids, one being dispersed throughout the other in small droplets
perivasculary/ extravasculary
IV drugs that are accidentally injected out of the vein, can cause tissue inflammation and necrosis
intramammary medication route
fast even distribution, rapid decrease of drug residues in milk after treatment, thickening of agents are used to modify the rate of release, antioxidants are often used incorporated in formulations to prevent spoilage
neubulized drugs
fine spray for inhalation
SR (slow release) tablets
coated, release in controlled fashion
molded tablets
soft, chewable, has flavoring agent
enteric-coated tablet
coating prevents dissolving in acidic stomach and dissolves in the alkaline environment of the small intestine
capsule drugs
gelatin shells holding a powder or liquid form of the drug, shell dissolves in stomach, medicine absorbed through small intestine
lozenge drugs
drugs incorporated into a hard candy tablet that allows slow release of the drug
suspension
particulate undissolved substance. dispersed in water
dose
amount of drug that is administered at one time to achieve desired effect
loading dose
initial dose of drug used to get the drug concentration in the therapeutic range in a very short period of time
maintenance dose
dose of a drug that maintains the drug in therapeutic range
dosing interval
how frequently the dosage is given
