Antifungal/Antiviral drugs Flashcards
how do polyenes work?
bind to and damage fungal cell membrane
how do imidazoles work?
cause leakage of fungal cell membrane
how do antimetabolites work?
interfere with RNA and protein metabolsim
how do superficial antifungal drugs work?
disrupt fungal cell division (griseofulvin), inhibit cell membrane synthesis (terbinafine)
what are some ways to test for a fungal infection?
dermatophyte test media and serology (blood, urine tests)
fungicidial
kill
fungistatic
inhibit growth
how do antifungal drugs work?
affect the cell membrane, interfere with RNA and protein synthesis, disrupt cell division
how to tell if a drug is a imidazole?
ends in azole
sterilization
removal or destruction of all microbes except prions
asepsis
describes an environment or procedure that is free of contamination by pathogens
disinfection
process of using physical or chemical agents to reduce the number of pathogens on inanimate objects
disinfectants
chemicals that kill microbes or inhibit their growth on inanimate objects
antiseptic
chemical used on skin or other living tissue in the process of making it free pf contamination by pathogens, they kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms on living tissue
germicide
chemical that kills microorganisms
sanitizer
chemical that reduces the number of microbes on inanimate surfaces to levels that are considered safe from a public health standpoint but does not destroy or eliminate all bacteria or microoragnisms
bactericide
chemical that kills bacteria
virucide
chemical that kills viruses
fungicide
chemical that kills fungi
sporicide
chemical that kills endospores
tuberculocide
chemical that kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis
sanitizing
physical removal of organic material
what are some considerations for polyenes?
not well absorbed, fairly toxic
what are some considerations for imidazoles?
less toxic than other antifungals, used for systemic mycotic infections and some dermatophyte infections
what are some considerations for antimetabolites?
used mainly in combination to treat Cryptococcus in cats, toxic to dogs
what are some considerations for superficial antifungals?
used for dermaphyte infections (griseofulvin), inhibit cell membrane synthesis (terbinafine)
how does acyclovir work?
interferes with viral synthesis of DNA
how does interferon alfa work?
cytokine that stimulates cell signaling to noninfected host cells to produce antiviral proteins
how does zidovudine work?
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that inhibits conversion of viral RNA into double-stranded DNA for integration into the cell genome
how does famciclovir work?
prodrug that is converted to penciclovir which inhibits viral DNA synthesis
how does amantadine work?
inhibits attachment of viruses to cell receptors
how does vidarabine work?
adenosine derivative that inhibits viral DNA polymerases
how does trifluridine work?
structurally similar to thymidine and inhibits DNA synthesis by substituting itself for thymidine in replicating viral DNA
how does ganciclovir work?
guanosine derivative that competes with viral DNA polymerase preventing elongation of DNA
how does cidofovir work?
inhibits viral DNA polymerases thus blocking DNA synthesis and viral replication during transcription
