Antifungal/Antiviral drugs

Question 1

how do polyenes work?

Answer 1

bind to and damage fungal cell membrane

Question 2

how do imidazoles work?

Answer 2

cause leakage of fungal cell membrane

Question 3

how do antimetabolites work?

Answer 3

interfere with RNA and protein metabolsim

Question 4

how do superficial antifungal drugs work?

Answer 4

disrupt fungal cell division (griseofulvin), inhibit cell membrane synthesis (terbinafine)

Question 5

what are some ways to test for a fungal infection?

Answer 5

dermatophyte test media and serology (blood, urine tests)

Question 6

fungicidial

Answer 6

kill

Question 7

fungistatic

Answer 7

inhibit growth

Question 8

how do antifungal drugs work?

Answer 8

affect the cell membrane, interfere with RNA and protein synthesis, disrupt cell division

Question 9

how to tell if a drug is a imidazole?

Answer 9

ends in azole

Question 10

sterilization

Answer 10

removal or destruction of all microbes except prions

Question 11

asepsis

Answer 11

describes an environment or procedure that is free of contamination by pathogens

Question 12

disinfection

Answer 12

process of using physical or chemical agents to reduce the number of pathogens on inanimate objects

Question 13

disinfectants

Answer 13

chemicals that kill microbes or inhibit their growth on inanimate objects

Question 14

antiseptic

Answer 14

chemical used on skin or other living tissue in the process of making it free pf contamination by pathogens, they kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms on living tissue

Question 15

germicide

Answer 15

chemical that kills microorganisms

Question 16

sanitizer

Answer 16

chemical that reduces the number of microbes on inanimate surfaces to levels that are considered safe from a public health standpoint but does not destroy or eliminate all bacteria or microoragnisms

Question 17

bactericide

Answer 17

chemical that kills bacteria

Question 18

virucide

Answer 18

chemical that kills viruses

Question 19

fungicide

Answer 19

chemical that kills fungi

Question 20

sporicide

Answer 20

chemical that kills endospores

Question 21

tuberculocide

Answer 21

chemical that kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 22

sanitizing

Answer 22

physical removal of organic material

Question 23

what are some considerations for polyenes?

Answer 23

not well absorbed, fairly toxic

Question 24

what are some considerations for imidazoles?

Answer 24

less toxic than other antifungals, used for systemic mycotic infections and some dermatophyte infections

Question 25

what are some considerations for antimetabolites?

Answer 25

used mainly in combination to treat Cryptococcus in cats, toxic to dogs

Question 26

what are some considerations for superficial antifungals?

Answer 26

used for dermaphyte infections (griseofulvin), inhibit cell membrane synthesis (terbinafine)

Question 27

how does acyclovir work?

Answer 27

interferes with viral synthesis of DNA

Question 28

how does interferon alfa work?

Answer 28

cytokine that stimulates cell signaling to noninfected host cells to produce antiviral proteins

Question 29

how does zidovudine work?

Answer 29

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that inhibits conversion of viral RNA into double-stranded DNA for integration into the cell genome

Question 30

how does famciclovir work?

Answer 30

prodrug that is converted to penciclovir which inhibits viral DNA synthesis

Question 31

how does amantadine work?

Answer 31

inhibits attachment of viruses to cell receptors

Question 32

how does vidarabine work?

Answer 32

adenosine derivative that inhibits viral DNA polymerases

Question 33

how does trifluridine work?

Answer 33

structurally similar to thymidine and inhibits DNA synthesis by substituting itself for thymidine in replicating viral DNA

Question 34

how does ganciclovir work?

Answer 34

guanosine derivative that competes with viral DNA polymerase preventing elongation of DNA

Question 35

how does cidofovir work?

Answer 35

inhibits viral DNA polymerases thus blocking DNA synthesis and viral replication during transcription