Chapter 3 Flashcards
List the four main functions of a cell.
-Cell metabolism and energy use.
- Synthesis of molecules.
- Communication.
- Reproduction and inheritance.
The large organelle is usually located near the center of the cell
NUCLEUS
State the two parts of phospholipid bilayer.
Hydrophilic heads and Hydrophobic fatty-acid tails
Define what a cell is.
It is the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body.
It is a branch of cell biology
Cytology
Diffusion is to _____ as endocytosis it to _____.
Osmosis; Pinocytosis
Slender extensions of plasma membrane and move fluids across the cell surface
Cilia
What are the functions of lysosomes and peroxisomes?
-Lysosomes have enzymes that work in oxygen-poor areas and lower pH.
- Peroxisomes absorb nutrients that the cell has acquired. They are very well known for digesting fatty acids. They also play a part in the way organisms digest alcohol (ethanol).
What are the three main parts of a cell?
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
True or False. Diffusion is the movement of solutes from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration
TRUE
These are small, membrane-bound vesicles that contain enzymes that break down fatty acids.
PEROXISOME
True or False. During transcription, the sequence of nucleotides in RNA (a gene) determines the sequence of nucleotides in mDNA; the mDNA moves through the nuclear pores to ribosomes.
FALSE
True or False. Mitochondria are the major sites for the production of ATP, which cells use as an energy source.
TRUE
Define osmosis and osmotic pressure
-Osmosis is the diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane.
- Osmotic pressure is the force required to prevent movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
True or False. The nucleus is the “brain” of the cell
TRUE
Name the location of nucleus and its function
Location
- Often near the center of the cell
Function
- Contains genetic material of the cell and nucleoli
What is the function of glycocalyx?
The glycocalyx is a dense, gel-like meshwork that surrounds the cell, constituting a physical barrier for any object to enter the cell.
In what organelle is the genetic material found inside?
Nucleus
What is the outermost component of a cell?
CELL MEMBRANE
What are the different shapes of the cells?
- CUBOIDAL
- SQUAMOUS
- COLUMNAR
What are the two general types of tumors?
Benign
Malignant
True or False. Glycocalyx consists of sugars (carbohydrates) sticking out of the cell surface.
TRUE
What is cytoplasm and its function?
The cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid inside the cell. It is the medium for chemical reactions. It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within the cell. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell.
True or False. A vesicle is a small, membrane-bound sac that transports or stores materials within cells.
TRUE
What are the 7 non membranous bound organelles?
- Cytoskeleton
- Centrioles
- Ribosomes
- Proteasome
- Microvilli
- Cilla
- Flagella
Describe the Golgi apparatus and state its function.
The Golgi apparatus is responsible for transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery to targeted destinations. As the secretory proteins move through the Golgi apparatus, a number of chemical modifications may transpire. move through the Golgi apparatus, a number of chemical modifications may transpire.
A cell is the structural and function unit of life.
TRUE
Produces the new cells necessary for growth and tissue repair.
CELL DIVISION
The movement of a solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration within a solvent.
DIFFUSION
True or false. A hypertonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water relative to cytoplasm of the cell.
FALSE
Name the two Components chromosomes are made of within the nucleus?
DNA
Protein
True or False. Isotonic solutions have the same solute and water concentrations as cells do.
TRUE
True or False. Extracellular fluid is a watery medium that surrounds a cell.
TRUE
The process by which cells develop with specialized structures and functions is called ______________.
Differentiation
As its name suggests connects body parts. It is found everywhere in the body. It is the most abundant and widely distributed of the tissue types.
Connective Tissue
In order to enclose and carry material inside the cell, the plasma membrane creates a pouch in this process of active transport.
Endocytosis
He discovered that humans are made up of cells.
Rudolf Virchow
What are the passive membrane transport mechanisms and the active membrane transport mechanisms?
PASSIVE MEMBRANE
1.diffusion
2.osmosis
3.facilitated diffusion
ACTIVE MEMBRANE
1. active transport
2.secondary active transport
3.endocytosis
4.exocytosis
Describe the composition and functions of the cytoplasm.
Cytoplasm, the cellular material outside the nucleus but inside the plasma membrane, is about half cytosol and half organelles.
Describe the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and its function.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose general function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function.
