Chapter 3

Question 1

List the four main functions of a cell.

Answer 1

-Cell metabolism and energy use.

• Synthesis of molecules.
• Communication.
• Reproduction and inheritance.

Question 2

The large organelle is usually located near the center of the cell

Answer 2

NUCLEUS

Question 3

State the two parts of phospholipid bilayer.

Answer 3

Hydrophilic heads and Hydrophobic fatty-acid tails

Question 4

Define what a cell is.

Answer 4

It is the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body.

Question 5

It is a branch of cell biology

Answer 5

Cytology

Question 6

Diffusion is to _____ as endocytosis it to _____.

Answer 6

Osmosis; Pinocytosis

Question 7

Slender extensions of plasma membrane and move fluids across the cell surface

Answer 7

Cilia

Question 8

What are the functions of lysosomes and peroxisomes?

Answer 8

-Lysosomes have enzymes that work in oxygen-poor areas and lower pH.
- Peroxisomes absorb nutrients that the cell has acquired. They are very well known for digesting fatty acids. They also play a part in the way organisms digest alcohol (ethanol).

Question 9

What are the three main parts of a cell?

Answer 9

Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

Question 10

True or False. Diffusion is the movement of solutes from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

These are small, membrane-bound vesicles that contain enzymes that break down fatty acids.

Answer 11

PEROXISOME

Question 12

True or False. During transcription, the sequence of nucleotides in RNA (a gene) determines the sequence of nucleotides in mDNA; the mDNA moves through the nuclear pores to ribosomes.

Answer 12

FALSE

Question 13

True or False. Mitochondria are the major sites for the production of ATP, which cells use as an energy source.

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

Define osmosis and osmotic pressure

Answer 14

-Osmosis is the diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane.
- Osmotic pressure is the force required to prevent movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 15

True or False. The nucleus is the “brain” of the cell

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

Name the location of nucleus and its function

Answer 16

Location
- Often near the center of the cell
Function
- Contains genetic material of the cell and nucleoli

Question 17

What is the function of glycocalyx?

Answer 17

The glycocalyx is a dense, gel-like meshwork that surrounds the cell, constituting a physical barrier for any object to enter the cell.

Question 18

In what organelle is the genetic material found inside?

Answer 18

Nucleus

Question 19

What is the outermost component of a cell?

Answer 19

CELL MEMBRANE

Question 20

What are the different shapes of the cells?

Answer 20

• CUBOIDAL
• SQUAMOUS
• COLUMNAR

Question 21

What are the two general types of tumors?

Answer 21

Benign
Malignant

Question 22

True or False. Glycocalyx consists of sugars (carbohydrates) sticking out of the cell surface.

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

What is cytoplasm and its function?

Answer 23

The cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid inside the cell. It is the medium for chemical reactions. It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within the cell. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of a cell.

Question 24

True or False. A vesicle is a small, membrane-bound sac that transports or stores materials within cells.

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

What are the 7 non membranous bound organelles?

Answer 25

• Cytoskeleton
• Centrioles
• Ribosomes
• Proteasome
• Microvilli
• Cilla
• Flagella

Question 26

Describe the Golgi apparatus and state its function.

Answer 26

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery to targeted destinations. As the secretory proteins move through the Golgi apparatus, a number of chemical modifications may transpire. move through the Golgi apparatus, a number of chemical modifications may transpire.

Question 27

A cell is the structural and function unit of life.

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

Produces the new cells necessary for growth and tissue repair.

Answer 28

CELL DIVISION

Question 29

The movement of a solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration within a solvent.

Answer 29

DIFFUSION

Question 30

True or false. A hypertonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water relative to cytoplasm of the cell.

Answer 30

FALSE

Question 31

Name the two Components chromosomes are made of within the nucleus?

Answer 31

DNA
Protein

Question 32

True or False. Isotonic solutions have the same solute and water concentrations as cells do.

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

True or False. Extracellular fluid is a watery medium that surrounds a cell.

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

The process by which cells develop with specialized structures and functions is called ______________.

Answer 34

Differentiation

Question 35

As its name suggests connects body parts. It is found everywhere in the body. It is the most abundant and widely distributed of the tissue types.

Answer 35

Connective Tissue

Question 36

In order to enclose and carry material inside the cell, the plasma membrane creates a pouch in this process of active transport.

Answer 36

Endocytosis

Question 37

He discovered that humans are made up of cells.

Answer 37

Rudolf Virchow

Question 38

What are the passive membrane transport mechanisms and the active membrane transport mechanisms?

Answer 38

PASSIVE MEMBRANE
1.diffusion
2.osmosis
3.facilitated diffusion

ACTIVE MEMBRANE
1. active transport
2.secondary active transport
3.endocytosis
4.exocytosis

Question 39

Describe the composition and functions of the cytoplasm.

Answer 39

Cytoplasm, the cellular material outside the nucleus but inside the plasma membrane, is about half cytosol and half organelles.

Question 40

Describe the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and its function.

Answer 40

The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose general function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function.