Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are the 11 Organ Systems?
Integumentary System
Respiratory System
Endocrine System
Lymphatic System
Circulatory System
Reproductive System
Digestive System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Nervous System
Urinary System
Define homeostasis, and explain why it is important for proper body function.
Is the existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body despite fluctuations in either the external environment or internal environment. Homeostasis maintains optimal conditions for enzyme action throughout the body, as well as all cell functions.
Six structural levels of organization
Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
Differentiate anatomy and physiology.
Anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body whereas physiology is the study of its functions.
In the organization of the human body, this is under the urinary bladder and kidneys, which make up an organ system, in what type does this belong?
Organ System Level
Which of the following is NOT considered anatomical position?
Palms facing backward.
In which abdominopelvic quadrant can you find the spleen?
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
A body position where a person is lying down and facing upward.
Supine
Give example of positive and negative feedback mechanisms.
Positive feedback - childbirth
Negative feedback - respiration
These terms are sometimes used in describing the position of the body during specific physical examinations or surgical procedures.
Prone and Supine
It refers to a person standing upright sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward .
Anatomical Position
True or False. Distal is toward or at the body surface.
FALSE.
The study of cells
Cytology
True or False. Transverse plane divides body into superior and inferior.
True
The study of tissues is…
Histology
True or False. Frontal plane divides body into left and right.
FALSE.
Provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and adipose tissue.
Skeletal System
It is surrounded by the rib cage and is separated from the abdominal cavity by the muscular diaphragm.
Thoracic Cavity
It examines large, visible structure and is also known as macroscopic anatomy.
Gross Anatomy
Which of the following specialties might focus on studying all of the structures of the ankle and foot?
Regional Anatomy
What are the major anatomical planes of the body?
Sagittal
Coronal
Transverse
What is the difference between Systemic Anatomy and Systemic Physiology?
Systemic anatomy is the study of the body by system. While systemic physiology focuses on the functions of organ system.
True or False. Growth refers to an increase in size of all part of the organism.
TRUE
Two types of serous membranes
Parietal serosa
Visceral serosa
Major goals of physiology
(1) To understand and predict the body’s responses to stimuli.
(2) To understand how the body maintains conditions within a narrow range of values in the presence of continually changing internal and external environment.
What are the essential functions of the body cavities?
It protect organs from shocks and impacts. It allow organs to change in size and shape as they move and work.
Give two major organs from the integumentary system.
Skin, hair
This system produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat.
Muscular System
Elimination of excess water, salts and waste products are functions of the ________ system.
Urinary System
What structure divides the thoracic cavity into two parts?
Mediastinum
A male is shot in the left side, the bullet travels into the left lung, and the bullet lodges in the heart. Identify in correct order the serous membranes and the cavities through which the bullet travels.
When the bullet exits the lung, it penetrates in the PLEURA, PLEURAL CAVITY, and thus the PARIETAL PLEURA. The PARIETAL PERICARDIUM, PERICARDIAL CAVITY, VISCERAL PERICARDIUM and HEART are then encountered.
It describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper.
Superior
The word “ANATOMY” comes from a greek root that means _______ ?
to cut apart
What are the two types of sagittal plane?
Parasagittal plane
Midsagittal plane
______ line the trunk cavities and cover the organs of these cavities
SEROUS MEMBRANES
List the four abdominal quadrants subdivisions
•Right-upper quadrant
•Left-upper quadrant
•Right-lower quadrant
•Left-lower quadrant
Define the two major subtypes of anatomy
There are two major types of anatomy. Gross (macroscopic) anatomy is the study of anatomical structures that can be seen by the naked eye, such as the external and internal bodily organs. Microscopic anatomy is the study of tiny anatomical structures such as tissues and cells.
The scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things.
Physiology
True or False. Body cavities contain viscera.
TRUE.
Enumerate the six sub category of human anatomy.
surface anatomy
regional anatomy
sectional anatomy
systemic anatomy
clinical anatomy
developmental anatomy
Label the planes of section of the body.
Sagittal plane
Transverse plane
Frontal/Coronal plane
