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Psych 1030H Test 1 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment

A

Consciousness

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2
Q

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (thinking, knowing, remembering, and communication)

A

Cognitive Neuroscience

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3
Q

Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

A

Selective Attention

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4
Q

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

A

Inattentional Blindness

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5
Q

Failing to notice changes in the environment; a form of inattentional blindness

A

Change blindness

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6
Q

The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

A

Dual Processing

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7
Q

A condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it

A

Blindsight

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8
Q

Processing multiple aspects of a stimulus or problem simultaneously

A

Parallel Processing

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9
Q

Processing one aspect of a stimulus or problem at a time; generally used to process new information or to solve difficult problems

A

Sequential Processing

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10
Q

A periodic, natural loss of consciousness— as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation

A

Sleep

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11
Q

Our biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, or temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24 hour cycle

A

Circadian Rhythm

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12
Q

A recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active

A

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM, Paradoxical Sleep, R Sleep)

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13
Q

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

A

Alpha Waves

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14
Q

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

A

Hallucinations

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15
Q

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

A

Delta Waves

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16
Q

A pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm. In response to light, it causes the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, thus modifying our feelings of sleepiness

A

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

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17
Q

Ongoing difficulty falling or staying asleep

A

Insomnia

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18
Q

Sudden attacks of overwhelming sleepiness

A

Narcolepsy

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19
Q

Stopping breathing repeatedly while sleeping

A

Sleep apnea

20
Q

Doing normal waking activities while asleep

A

Sleepwalking, sleeptalking

21
Q

Appearing terrified, talking nonsense, sitting up, or walking around during N3 sleep; different from nightmares

A

Night Terrors

22
Q

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind

A

Dreams

23
Q

According to Freud, the symbolic, remembered story line of a dream

A

Manifest Content

24
Q

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream

A

Latent Content

25
Q

The dream theory that dreams provide a “psychic safety valve” —expressing otherwise unacceptable feelings; dreams contain manifest content and a deeper layer of latent content

A

Freud’s wish-fulfillment

26
Q

The dream theory that dreams help us sort out the day’s events and consolidate our memories

A

Information-processing

27
Q

The dream theory that regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways

A

Physiological Function

28
Q

The dream theory that REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories

A

Activation Synthesis

29
Q

The dream theory that dream content reflects dreamers’ level of cognitive development— their knowledge and understanding. Dreams simulate our lives, including worst-case scenarios

A

Cognitive Development

30
Q

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

A

REM rebound

31
Q

A chemical substance that alters the brain, causing changes in perceptions and moods

A

Psychoactive Drugs

32
Q

A disorder characterized by continued substance use despite significant life disruption

A

Substance use disorder

33
Q

Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opioids) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

A

Depressants

34
Q

Alcohol use marked by a combination of symptoms that may include tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use.

A

Alcohol Use Disorder

35
Q

Drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judegemt

A

Barbiturates

36
Q

Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

A

Opioids

37
Q

Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamine, and ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up bodily functions

A

Stimulant

38
Q

Drugs (such as methamphetamine) that stimulate neural activity, causing accelerated body functions and associated energy and mood changes

A

Amphetamines

39
Q

A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco products

A

Nicotine

40
Q

A powerful and addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant; produces temporarily increased alertness and euphoria

A

Cocaine

41
Q

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with accelerated body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, reduces baseline dopamine levels

A

Methamphetamine

42
Q

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

A

Ecstasy (MDMA)

43
Q

Psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

A

Hallucinogens

44
Q

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

A

Near-death Experience

45
Q

A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid

A

LSD

46
Q

The major mind-altering ingredient in marijuana

A

THC

Psych 1030H Test 1 (6 decks)

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