Chapter 2.2/2.5

Question 1

Tissue destruction. In the brain, they occur naturally (disease or trauma), in surgery, or experimentally (using electrodes to destroy brain cells).

Answer 1

Lesion

Question 2

An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity sweeping across the brain’s surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp

Answer 2

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Question 3

A brain-imaging technique that measures magnetic fields from the brain’s natural electrical activity

Answer 3

Magentoencephalography (MEG)

Question 4

A technique for detecting brain activity that displays where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task

Answer 4

Positron Emission Tomography

Question 5

A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show brain anatomy

Answer 5

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Question 6

A technique for revealing blood flow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. Show brain function as well as structure

Answer 6

Functional MRI (fMRI)

Question 7

Every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to our experiences of the people and things around us.

Answer 7

Environment

Question 8

The genetic transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring

Answer 8

Heredity

Question 9

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.

Answer 9

Behavior Genetics

Question 10

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

Answer 10

Chromosome

Question 11

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes

Answer 11

DNA

Question 12

The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; small segments of DNA capable of synthesizing proteins

Answer 12

Genes

Question 13

The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes.

Answer 13

Genome

Question 14

Individuals who developed from a single fertilized egg that split into two, creating two genetically identical organisms

Answer 14

Identical (Monozygotic) Twins

Question 15

Individuals who developed from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than ordinary siblings, but they shared a prenatal environment.

Answer 15

Fraternal (Dizygotic) Twins

Question 16

The study of the molecular mechanisms by which environments can influence genetic expression (without a DNA change)

Answer 16

Epigenetics

Question 17

The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection

Answer 17

Evolutionary Psychology

Question 18

The principle that the inherited traits that better enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment will (in competition with other trait variations) most likely be passed on to subsequent generation

Answer 18

Natural Selection

Question 19

A random error in gene replication that leads to a change.

Answer 19

Mutation