Chapter 2.3/2.4

Question 1

The formation of new neurons

Answer 1

Neurogenesis

Question 2

The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them.

Answer 2

Corpus Callosum

Question 3

A condition resulting from surgery that separates the brain’s two hemispheres by cutting the fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) connecting them.

Answer 3

Split Brain

Question 4

Consists of the medulla, pons, and cerebellum; directs essential survival functions, such as breathing, sleeping, and wakefulness, as well as coordination and balance.

Answer 4

Hindbrain

Question 5

Found atop the brainstem; connects the hindbrain with the forebrain, controls some motor movement, and transmits auditory and visual information

Answer 5

Midbrain

Question 6

Consists of the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus; manages complex cognitive activities, sensory and associative functions, and voluntary motor activities.

Answer 6

Forebrain

Question 7

The central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; it is responsible for automatic survival functions

Answer 7

Brainstem

Question 8

The hindbrain structure that is the base of the brainstem; controls heart rate and breathing

Answer 8

Medulla

Question 9

The forebrain’s sensory control center, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

Answer 9

Thalamus

Question 10

A nerve network that travels through the brainstem into the thalamus; filters information and plays an important role in controlling arousal

Answer 10

Reticular Formation

Question 11

The hindbrain’s “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance, and enabling nonverbal learning and memory.

Answer 11

Cerebellum

Question 12

Neural system located mostly in the forebrain- below the cerebral hemispheres- that includes the amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus; associated with emotions and drives

Answer 12

Limbic System

Question 13

Two lima-bean sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion

Answer 13

Amygdala

Question 14

A limbic system neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward

Answer 14

Hypothalamus

Question 15

A neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit (conscious) memories- of facts and events- for storage

Answer 15

Hippocampus

Question 16

The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the forebrain’s cerebral hemispheres; the body’s ultimate control and information-processing center.

Answer 16

Cerebral Cortex

Question 17

The portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements.

Answer 17

Frontal Lobes

Question 18

The portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position.

Answer 18

Parietal Lobes

Question 19

The portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas the receive information from the visual fields.

Answer 19

Occipital Lobes

Question 20

The portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear.

Answer 20

Temporal Lobes

Question 21

A cerebral cortex area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements.

Answer 21

Motor Cortex

Question 22

A cerebral cortex area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations.

Answer 22

Somatosensory Cortex

Question 23

Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking.

Answer 23

Association Areas

Question 24

Part of the frontal lobes that enables judgement, planning, social interactions, and processing of new memories.

Answer 24

Prefrontal Cortex