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BIO > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The network of membranous vesicles and channels responsible for synthesizing and packaging lipids and carbohydrates

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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2
Q

Membranous sacs containing degradative enzymes that break down fatty acids and organic compounds

A

Peroxisomes

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3
Q

All the material between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q

The fluid part of the cytoplasm

A

Cytosol

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5
Q

Fluid outside the cell

A

Extracellular fluid

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6
Q

The inside of the cell is separated from the outside by the

A

Plasma membrane

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7
Q

Organelle with double membrane responsible for producing 95% of cellular ATP

A

Mitochondrion

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8
Q

A cell that is able to develop into any cell in the body

A

Totipotent

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9
Q

Membranous sacs containing digestive enzymes that break down damaged organelles, foreign material, and pathogens

A

Lysosomes

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10
Q

Stacks of flattened membranous vesicles that modify and package proteins

A

Golgi apparatus

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11
Q

RNA and protein complexes that synthesize proteins

A

Ribosome

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12
Q

Proteins organized into microfilaments or microtubules that support the structure of the cell and move cellular components

A

Cytoskeleton

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13
Q

Intracellular structures with specific functions

A

Organelles

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14
Q

A membrane-bound organelle containing DNA, nucleotides, proteins, and enzymes

A

Nucleus

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15
Q

The network of membranous vesicles and channels covered with ribosomes and responsible for synthesizing and packaging proteins

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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16
Q

Membranous extensions from the plasma membrane that increase surface area for secretion or absorption

A

Microvilli

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17
Q

Fluid inside the cell

A

Intracellular fluid

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18
Q

The process of turning on or off certain genes and directing cell specialization

A

Differentiation

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19
Q

Four basic tissue types

A

Epithelial, neural, muscle, and connective

20
Q

A selectively permeable membrane…

A

..Allows some substances to cross, but restricts others.

21
Q

What molecule is found embedded within the plasma membrane?

A

Cholesterol

22
Q

_______ provide strength and support within the cell and move organelles through the cytoplasm

A

Microfilaments and microtubules

23
Q

_______ are located on the surface of certain cells and beat rhythmically to move substances across the cell surface

A

Cilia

24
Q

Two types of organic compounds that make up the cell membrane

A

Proteins and Phospholipids

25
Q

______ are responsible for directing movement for various parts of the cytoskeleton

A

Centrioles

26
Q

An integral protein is…

A

Embedded within the membrane

27
Q

Mitochondria participate in…

A

Aerobic respiration

28
Q

The folds on the inner membrane of the mitochondria

A

Cristae

29
Q

Proteins produced by ____ in the ____ move to the _____ for packaging

A

Ribosomes; rough ER; Golgi apparatus

30
Q

What organelle is responsible for plasma membrane renewal?

A

Golgi apparatus

31
Q

Lysosomes are made in the

A

Golgi apparatus

32
Q

Proteins manufactured in the rough ER are next sent to the

A

Golgi apparatus

33
Q

Vesicles leaving the Golgi apparatus may

A

Fuse with the plasma membrane to release secretions out of the cell

34
Q

_____ contains the instructions for making proteins

A

DNA

35
Q

_____ condenses into _____ at the beginning of cell division

A

Chromatin; chromosomes

36
Q

Condensed, tightly wound DNA forms

A

Chromosomes

37
Q

A “big” chromosome consists of two _____ held together at the _____

A

Chromatids; centromere

38
Q

The structure that allows chemical communication between the nucleus and the cytosol is called a

A

Nuclear pore

39
Q

Ribosomes are manufactured in the

A

Nucleolus

40
Q

Controls what enters and exits the nucleus

A

Nuclear pores

41
Q

Human somatic cells contain a total of ____ chromosomes

A

46

42
Q

The structure that separates DNA from the cytoplasm is the

A

Nuclear envelope

43
Q

Protein production at the ____ is dependent upon energy production in the ____

A

Ribosomes; mitochondria

44
Q

Loosely organized DNA within the nucleus

A

Chromatin

45
Q

Chromosomes exist

A

In pairs

BIO (15 decks)

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