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BIO > Chapter 2, Pt 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2, Pt 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Compounds that tend to NOT have both C and H together

A

Inorganic

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2
Q

In the human body, glucose most commonly takes the form of a

A

Ring

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3
Q

Glycogen is an example of a

A

Polysaccharide

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4
Q

Essential chemicals that are normally obtained by the diet are called..

A

Nutrients

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5
Q

Sucrose and lactose are examples of

A

Disaccharides

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6
Q

Carbohydrates are primarily used to

A

Make energy

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7
Q

Glucose and fructose are examples of

A

Monosaccharides

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8
Q

Two monosaccharides form a

A

Disaccharide

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9
Q

The ratio of C:H:O in a carbohydrate is roughly

A

1:2:1

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10
Q

The basic unit of a carbohydrate is a

A

Monosaccharide

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11
Q

Organic compounds contain

A

C and H

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12
Q

Many monosaccharides joined together make a

A

Polysaccharide

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13
Q

A ____ fatty acid has one or more double bonds connecting the carbons

A

Unsaturated

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14
Q

A molecule that consists of a glycerol bonded to 3 fatty acids

A

Triglyceride

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15
Q

A carboxyl group is

A

-COOH

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16
Q

Steroids consist of a

A

Carbon ring framework

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17
Q

Fatty acids contain a _____ group and a _____ chain

A

Carboxyl; hydrocarbon

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18
Q

A ____ fatty acid has only single bonds connecting the carbons

A

Saturated

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19
Q

A triglyceride is a

A

Lipid

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20
Q

A phospholipid has a ____head and ____ tail

A

Hydrophilic; hydrophobic

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21
Q

Similar to carbohydrates, lipids contain a ____ ration of C:H but have significantly less ____ than carbohydrates.

A

1:2; O

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22
Q

Cell membranes are comprised mainly of ____ and proteins.

A

Phospholipids

23
Q

Components of amino acids that connect in a peptide bond

A

Carboxyl group and amino group

24
Q

Hemoglobin is an example of a

A

Protein

25
Q

What element is found in proteins but not in other organic molecules?

A

N

26
Q

_____ a protein causes it to unfold and revert to its primary or secondary structure.

A

Denaturing

27
Q

The primary structure of a protein is

A

A chain of amino acids

28
Q

The function of a protein is determined by its

A

Shape

29
Q

Structures of a protein that are like pleats or spirals formed by interactions amongst R groups

A

Secondary structure

30
Q

The structure of a protein that is the complex 3 dimensional shape of a fully folded protein

A

Tertiary structure

31
Q

Many amino acids bonded together form a

A

Polypeptide

32
Q

Every amino acid has a unique

A

R group

33
Q

What might cause a protein to denature?

A

High temperatures

34
Q

Proteins are made of Long chains of

A

Amino acids

35
Q

Two amino acids bonded together form a

A

Dipeptide

36
Q

Structure of a protein when more than one polypeptide chain unite together to form a protein complex

A

Quaternary structure

37
Q

The bonds that connect amino acids together within a protein

A

Peptide bonds

38
Q

Portion of an enzyme that binds to a substrate

A

Active sight

39
Q

Enzymes are examples of

A

Proteins

40
Q

Most common high-energy compound in our body is

A

Adenosine triphosphate

41
Q

The energy in a molecule of ATP is found in the

A

Phosphate-phosphate bonds

42
Q

When cells have extra energy, they often use it to

A

Add a phosphate to ADP to form ATP

43
Q

Not a component of ATP

A

Glycerol

44
Q

Not part of a nucleotide

A

Carboxyl group

45
Q

The sequence of nitrogenous bases within nucleic acids carries the information for…

A

Building a protein

46
Q

DNA and RNA are

A

Nucleic acids

47
Q

Only found in RNA

A

Uracil

48
Q

Only found in DNA

A

Thymine

49
Q

When connecting two nucleotides, bonds form between the

A

Sugar and phosphate

50
Q

Cytosine will pair with

A

Guanine

51
Q

Nucleic acids are formed from long chains of ____ chemically bonded to one another

A

Nucleotides

52
Q

Ribose is the sugar found in

A

RNA

53
Q

The ribbon-like structure in DNA

A

A sugar-phosphate backbone

BIO (15 decks)

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