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BIO > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Isotopes of an element have different..

A

Mass numbers

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2
Q

The smallest stable unit of matter

A

Atom

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3
Q

Chemical symbol for sodium

A

Na

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4
Q

Chemical symbol for iron

A

Fe

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5
Q

Chemical symbol for Potassium

A

K

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6
Q

Chemical symbol for phosphorus

A

P

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7
Q

Atoms of a particular element all have the same number of…

A

Protons

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8
Q

Atoms interact together to form more complex structures called…

A

Molecules

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9
Q

If an atom gives away an electron in an effort to have a full outer shell it becomes electrically…

A

Positive

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10
Q

A ____ has received an extra electron and it carries a ____ charge.

A

Anion; negative

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11
Q

A____ has lost an electron and it carries a ____ charge.

A

Cation; positive

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12
Q

An atom that has a completely full outer shell.

A

Inert atom

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13
Q

Bonds that connect atoms together within a water molecule.

A

Covalent bonds

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14
Q

Bond that connects water molecules to one another in a glass of water

A

Hydrogen bond

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15
Q

A ____ is a chemical made up of atoms of two or more different elements

A

Compound

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16
Q

Bond that connects atoms within the salt sodium chloride

A

Ionic bond

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17
Q

In this bond, and anion is attracted to a cation.

A

Ionic bond

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18
Q

A ____ bond forms when atoms share pairs of electrons

A

Covalent bond

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19
Q

A ____ bond is an electrochemical attraction between two oppositely charged ions

A

Ionic bond

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20
Q

In a ____ bond each pair of electrons shared equals one bond

A

Covalent bond

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21
Q

A ____ bond forms between the positive part of one polar molecule and the negative part of another polar molecule.

A

Hydrogen

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22
Q

Chemical reactions must always be…

A

Balanced. Same number of atoms of each element on both sides

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23
Q

Energy of motion

A

Kinetic energy

24
Q

A ____ reaction releases energy

A

Exergonic

25
Q

A ____ reaction absorbs energy (requires more energy than it produces)

A

Endergonic

26
Q

Chloride (Cl) is an

A

Ion

27
Q

Stored energy is

A

Potential energy

28
Q

An enzyme works by reducing…

A

The activation energy required for a chemical reaction

29
Q

The ____ is the energy required to start a reaction

A

Activation energy

30
Q

In a chemical reaction, the starting components are called

A

Reactants

31
Q

In a chemical reaction, the ending components are called

A

Products

32
Q

The capacity to perform work is

A

Energy

33
Q

All the reactions within a cell are collectively called

A

Metabolism

34
Q

NaCl —> Na+ + Cl- is an example of

A

Decomposition reaction

35
Q

Na+ + Cl- —> NaCl is an example of

A

Synthesis reaction

36
Q

Building a protein requires small molecules called amino acids to be bonded together to form a chain. This process would…

A

Require the input of energy

37
Q

Reactions that break bonds are termed

A

Catabolic

38
Q

Reactions that build bonds are termed

A

Anabolic

39
Q

Breaking down a molecule glucose in a process called cellular respiration is how we generate energy in our cells. This process would occur through..

A

Hydrolysis

40
Q

A reaction that breaks a molecule into smaller components is..

A

Decomposition reaction

41
Q

A reaction that bonds smaller molecules together to form larger molecules is a…

A

Synthesis reaction

42
Q

A reaction which the parts of the reactant molecules are shuffled around to form new products is called

A

Exchange

43
Q

The energy released during catabolic reactions comes from

A

Breaking a bond

44
Q

In a reversible reaction, the products..

A

Can change back into the reactants

45
Q

Building a bond requires

A

Energy

46
Q

In a ____ reaction, a molecule of water is used to break bonds

A

Hydrolysis

47
Q

____ dissociate in water to form ions

A

Electrolytes

48
Q

A molecule dissolved in water is a

A

Solute

49
Q

When an ionic compound is placed in water it will break apart or

A

Dissociate

50
Q

A ____ is a coating of water surrounding an ion or polar molecule

A

Hydration sphere

51
Q

Electrolytes are important because they provide the ions we need for normal ____

A

Metabolism

52
Q

A measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

A

pH

53
Q

____ is any chemical that dissociated in water to release H+

A

An acid

54
Q

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is considered a base because it

A

Dissolves and releases OH-, which absorbs H+

55
Q

A ____ can remove hydrogen ions from a solution

A

Base

56
Q

Buffer systems work by

A

Releasing or removing hydrogen ions to prevent shifts in pH

BIO (15 decks)

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