Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chem-109 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

compound

A

when two or more elements combine to form a compound, an entirely new substance results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

chemical bonds

A

hold together compounds composed of atoms, and result from the attractoins between the charged particles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ionic bonds

A

occur between metals and nonmetals, and involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

covalent bonds

A

occur between two or more nonmetals, involve sharing of electrons. electrons that are shared have a lower potential energy then they would on an isolated atom because they interact with the nucleus of both atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ionic bonds occur because

A

oppositely charged ions attract one another by electrostatic forces, which results in an ionic compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ionic compound

A

in the solid phase is composed of a lattice or three dimensional array of alternating cations and anions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Covalently bond atoms compose a

A

molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Molecules are..

A

independent of the other molecules, and are not covalently bound to eachother. therefore covalently bonded compounds are called molecular compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

chemical formula

A

quickest and easiest way to represent a compound. indicates the elements present in the compound and the relative number of atoms or ions of each

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

chemical formula categorizations

A

empirical, molecular, structural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

empirical formula

A

gives the relative number of atoms of each element in a compound. ex HO for hydrogen perioxide (Hsub2Osub2).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

molecular formula

A

gives the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of a compound. ex Hsub2Osub2 for hydrogen peroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

structural formula

A

uses lines to represent covalent bonds, and shows how atoms in a molecule are connected or bonded to eachother. (more visual)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ball and stick molecular model

A

represents atoms as balls and chemical bonds as sticks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

space filling molecular model

A

atoms fill the space between eachother to more closely represent our best esimates for how a molecule might appear if scaled to visible size.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

atomic elements

A

exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units. includes most elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

molecular elements

A

do not normally exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units. instead they exist as molecules of two or more atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

molecular compounds

A

are usually composed of two or more covalently bonded nonmetals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ionic compounds

A

are compose of cations(usually metal) and anions(usually one or more nonmetals) bound together by ionic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

formula unit

A

the basic unit of an ionic compound, it is the smallest electrically neutral collection of ions in an ionic compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

polyatomic ion

A

an ion composed of two or more atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Naming Ionic compounds by..

A

common names and systematic names

23
Q

common names

A

nicknames of sorts learned by familiarity

24
Q

systematic names

A

chemist developed names for different types of compounds including ionic ones.

25
Q

Steps in naming an ionic compound

A
  1. Identify it as one, usually composed of metals and nonmetals
  2. Determine which type depending on the metal in the compound,
    a) metal whose charge is invariant from one compound to the next, no special notation needed
    b) metal with a charge that differs in different compounds(often transition metals, but not always). the cation must be identified (+2,+3…)
26
Q

binary compounds

A

contain only two different elements

27
Q

naming binary ionic compounds(one type of cation)

A

name of cation(metal),Base name of anion(nonmetal)+ -ide

28
Q

naming binary ionic compounds(more than one kind of cation)

A

name of cation(metal), charge of cation(metal) in roman numerals in parentheses, base name of the anion(nonmetal) + -ide

29
Q

Naming ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions

A

name polyatomic ions the same way as other ionic compunds, except that use the name of the poly atomic ion whenever it occurs. ex. NaNOsub2, is named according to its cation Na+(sodium), and its polyatomic anion, NOsub2- (nitrate) ex FeSOsub4 = iron(II) sulfate

30
Q

Oxyanions

A

most polyatomic ions, contain oxygen and another element.

31
Q

Naming Oxyanions

A

when a series of oxyanions contain different numbers of oxygen atoms they are named systematically according to the number of oxygen atoms in the ion.

32
Q

Oxyagnions prefixes and suffixes

A

if only two in a series then the one with more has the ending -ate, and the one with fewer -ite.
if there are more than two ions in a series the prefixes hypo- (meaning less than) and per-(meaning more than) are used.

33
Q

Hydrates

A

ionic compounds that contain a specific number of water molecules associated with each formula

34
Q

waters of hydration

A

the Hsub2O molecules associated with the formula unit of a hydrate

35
Q

Common hydrate/molecular compound prefixes (1/2 + 1-8)

A

Hemi=1/2, mono=1, di=2, tri=3,tetra=4, penta=5,hexa=6, hepta=7, octa=8

36
Q

Naming molecular compounds

A

step one is identifying it as one (composed of two or more nonmetals)
prefix - name of the first element, prefix-base name of the second element + -ide

37
Q

Choosing the molecular compound prefix

A

depends on the number of the subscript behind the element

38
Q

Acids

A

molecular compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. characterized by their sour taste and ability to dissolve many metals.

39
Q

binary acids

A

composed of hydrogen and a non metal

40
Q

acids can be catagorized by(2)

A

binary acids and oxyacids

41
Q

Naming binary acids

A

hydro(base name of nonmetal)+ -ic, acid

42
Q

Naming Oxyacids

A
  1. oxyanion ending with -ate
    base name of oxyanion + -ic, acid
  2. oxyanion ending with -ite
    base name of oxyanion + -ous, acid
43
Q

Oxyacids contain a

A

hydrogen and an oxyanion (an anion containing a nonmetal and oxygen)

44
Q

formula mass

A

the average mass of a molecule or a formula unit of a compound. found by adding the combine atomic mass of all its constituent atoms. ex COsub2 =12.01amu + 2(16.00)amu = 44.01amu

45
Q

Molar mass of a compound

A

the amount of amu found in the formula mass in grams

46
Q

Mass percent composition or Mass percent

A

of an element is that elements percentage of the compounds total mass. ex the %mass of oxygen in Hsub2O

47
Q

combustion analysis

A

a common (and related) way to obtain empirical formulas for unknown compounds, especially those containing carbon and hydrogen

48
Q

combustion analysis works by

A

an unknown compound being burned by oxygen, then the oxygen and burned compound are ran through two Hsub2O and COsub2 absorbers where they are isolated and weighed.

49
Q

Chemical reaction

A

process in which one or more substances are converted into one ore more different ones

50
Q

combustion reaction

A

a particular type of chemical reaction in which a subsatnce combines with oxygen to form one or more oxygen-containing compounds. emits head

51
Q

chemical equation

A

represents a chemical reaction

52
Q

reactants and products

A

reactants are on the left, products on the right

53
Q

balance

A

both sides of the equation must have the same number of each atom as the other side

Chem-109 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions