Chapter 3 Flashcards
Elements combine with each other to form what
compounds
what holds atoms together
chemical bonds
what does chemical bonds result from
attractions
between the charged particles (the
electrons and protons) that compose
atoms.
which occur between
metals and nonmetals—involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
ionic bonds
These oppositely charged ions attract one
another by electrostatic forces and form an what
ionic bond
a regular three-dimensional
array
lattice
ionic bonds result in what
ionic compounds
which occur between
two or more nonmetals—involve the
sharingof electrons between two atoms.
covalent
The covalently bound atoms compose a
molecule
we call covalently bonded compounds
molecular compounds
A compound is represented with its
chemical formula
elements
present in the compound and the
relative numbers of atoms or ions.
chemical formulas
gives the relative
number of atomsof each element in a
compound.
empirical formula
gives the actual
number of atoms of each element in a
molecule of a compound.
molecular formula
uses lines to
represent covalent bonds and shows how
atoms in a molecule are connected or
bonded to each other.
structural formula
uses lines to
represent covalent bonds and shows how
atoms in a molecule are connected or
bonded to each other.
structural formula
is a more
accurate and complete way to
specify a compound.
molecular model
represents atoms as
balls and chemical bonds as
sticks
ball-and-stick molecular
model
how the two connect in the ball-and-stick molecular
model reflects what
a molecule’s shape.
atoms
fill the space between each other to more
closely represent our best estimates for
how a molecule might appear if scaled
to visible size.
space-filling molecular model
exist in nature with single
atomsas their basic units.
atomic elements
Most elements
fall into this category.
atomic elements
Most elements
fall into this category.
molecular elements
don’t exist n nature with a molecule as their base
Most elements
fall into this category.
two
or more atoms of the element bonded
together.
molecules
how are molecular compounds usually bonded?
two or more covalently bonded nonmetals of different elements
two or more covalently
bonded nonmetals of different
elements.
molecular compound
are composed of cations
(usually a metal) and anions (usually one
or more nonmetals) bound together by
ionic bonds.
ionic compounds
how are ionic compounds bounded
by ionic bonds of cations (metal) and anions (nonmetal)
the smallest, electrically
neutral collection of ions.
formula unit
basic unit of an ionic compound
formula unit
ions that are themselves composed of
a group of covalently bonded atoms
with an overall charge.
polyatomic ions
The formula of an ionic compound reflects what
smallest whole-number ratio of ions that is
neutral
contain only two
different elements.
Binary compounds
anions
containing oxygen and another element.
oxyanions
the oxyanions with more oxygen atoms has the ending of what
-ate
the oxyanions with fewer has the ending what
-ite
If there are more than two ions in the
series then you use the prefixes of what
hypo- (less than)
per- (more than)
are ionic compounds
containing a specific number of water
molecules associated with each formula
unit.
hydrates
1/2
hemi
1
mono
2
di
3
tri
4
tetra
5
penta
6
hexa
7
hepta
8
octa
are molecular compounds that
release hydrogen ions (H+ ) when dissolved
in water.
acids
The mass of an individual
molecule or formula unit in amu
formula mass
the mass in grams of 1 mol of its
molecules or formula units
Molar mass
Simplest, whole-number
ratio of the atoms of elements in a compound
empirical formula
is a multiple of
the empirical formula.
molecular formula
burn a known mass of compound and measure
the mass of the products.
analyzing compounds
are the major components of living organisms.
Organic compounds
what elements are organic compounds composed of
C, H, O, N, P, S
The key element of organic chemistry is
carbon
Carbon atoms bond almost exclusively how
covalently
how is carbon unique?
bonds with itself
limitless chain of C atoms
straight, branched, and ring structures.
are organic compounds that contain only
carbon and hydrogen.
hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons containing only
single bonds are called
alkanes
Hydrocarbons containing double bonds
alkenes
Hydrocarbons containing triple bonds
alkynes
