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chemistry 1 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards
1
Q

Elements combine with each other to form what

A

compounds

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2
Q

what holds atoms together

A

chemical bonds

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3
Q

what does chemical bonds result from

A

attractions
between the charged particles (the
electrons and protons) that compose
atoms.

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4
Q

which occur between
metals and nonmetals—involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

A

ionic bonds

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5
Q

These oppositely charged ions attract one
another by electrostatic forces and form an what

A

ionic bond

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6
Q

a regular three-dimensional
array

A

lattice

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7
Q

ionic bonds result in what

A

ionic compounds

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8
Q

which occur between
two or more nonmetals—involve the
sharingof electrons between two atoms.

A

covalent

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9
Q

The covalently bound atoms compose a

A

molecule

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10
Q

we call covalently bonded compounds

A

molecular compounds

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11
Q

A compound is represented with its

A

chemical formula

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12
Q

elements
present in the compound and the
relative numbers of atoms or ions.

A

chemical formulas

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13
Q

gives the relative
number of atomsof each element in a
compound.

A

empirical formula

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14
Q

gives the actual
number of atoms of each element in a
molecule of a compound.

A

molecular formula

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15
Q

uses lines to
represent covalent bonds and shows how
atoms in a molecule are connected or
bonded to each other.

A

structural formula

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16
Q

uses lines to
represent covalent bonds and shows how
atoms in a molecule are connected or
bonded to each other.

A

structural formula

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17
Q

is a more
accurate and complete way to
specify a compound.

A

molecular model

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18
Q

represents atoms as
balls and chemical bonds as
sticks

A

ball-and-stick molecular
model

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19
Q

how the two connect in the ball-and-stick molecular
model reflects what

A

a molecule’s shape.

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20
Q

atoms
fill the space between each other to more
closely represent our best estimates for
how a molecule might appear if scaled
to visible size.

A

space-filling molecular model

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21
Q

exist in nature with single
atomsas their basic units.

A

atomic elements

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22
Q

Most elements
fall into this category.

A

atomic elements

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23
Q

Most elements
fall into this category.

A

molecular elements

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24
Q

don’t exist n nature with a molecule as their base

A

Most elements
fall into this category.

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25
Q

two
or more atoms of the element bonded
together.

A

molecules

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26
Q

how are molecular compounds usually bonded?

A

two or more covalently bonded nonmetals of different elements

27
Q

two or more covalently
bonded nonmetals of different
elements.

A

molecular compound

28
Q

are composed of cations
(usually a metal) and anions (usually one
or more nonmetals) bound together by
ionic bonds.

A

ionic compounds

29
Q

how are ionic compounds bounded

A

by ionic bonds of cations (metal) and anions (nonmetal)

30
Q

the smallest, electrically
neutral collection of ions.

A

formula unit

31
Q

basic unit of an ionic compound

A

formula unit

32
Q

ions that are themselves composed of
a group of covalently bonded atoms
with an overall charge.

A

polyatomic ions

33
Q

The formula of an ionic compound reflects what

A

smallest whole-number ratio of ions that is
neutral

34
Q

contain only two
different elements.

A

Binary compounds

35
Q

anions
containing oxygen and another element.

A

oxyanions

36
Q

the oxyanions with more oxygen atoms has the ending of what

A

-ate

37
Q

the oxyanions with fewer has the ending what

A

-ite

38
Q

If there are more than two ions in the
series then you use the prefixes of what

A

hypo- (less than)

per- (more than)

39
Q

are ionic compounds
containing a specific number of water
molecules associated with each formula
unit.

A

hydrates

40
Q

1/2

A

hemi

41
Q

1

A

mono

42
Q

2

A

di

43
Q

3

A

tri

44
Q

4

A

tetra

45
Q

5

A

penta

46
Q

6

A

hexa

47
Q

7

A

hepta

48
Q

8

A

octa

49
Q

are molecular compounds that
release hydrogen ions (H+ ) when dissolved
in water.

A

acids

50
Q

The mass of an individual
molecule or formula unit in amu

A

formula mass

51
Q

the mass in grams of 1 mol of its
molecules or formula units

A

Molar mass

52
Q

Simplest, whole-number
ratio of the atoms of elements in a compound

A

empirical formula

53
Q

is a multiple of
the empirical formula.

A

molecular formula

54
Q

burn a known mass of compound and measure
the mass of the products.

A

analyzing compounds

55
Q

are the major components of living organisms.

A

Organic compounds

56
Q

what elements are organic compounds composed of

A

C, H, O, N, P, S

57
Q

The key element of organic chemistry is

A

carbon

58
Q

Carbon atoms bond almost exclusively how

A

covalently

59
Q

how is carbon unique?

A

bonds with itself
limitless chain of C atoms
straight, branched, and ring structures.

60
Q

are organic compounds that contain only
carbon and hydrogen.

A

hydrocarbons

61
Q

Hydrocarbons containing only
single bonds are called

A

alkanes

62
Q

Hydrocarbons containing double bonds

A

alkenes

63
Q

Hydrocarbons containing triple bonds

A

alkynes

chemistry 1 (14 decks)

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