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Chemistry 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are submicroscopic particles that are the fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter

A

atoms

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2
Q

free atoms bind together in specific arrangements to form what

A

molecules

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3
Q

definition of chemistry

A

the science that seeks to understand the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules

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4
Q

a word beyond space and time

A

transcendent world

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5
Q

who believed that we should learn through reason

A

Plato

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6
Q

what is scientific knowledge based on

A

observation and experiments

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7
Q

nothing or describing how a process happens

A

qualitative

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8
Q

measuring or quantifying something about the process

A

quantitive

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9
Q

a tentative interpretation or explanation of observations

A

hypothesis

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10
Q

makes predictions that can be conformed or refuted by further observations.

A

falsifiable

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11
Q

this tests hypothesis

A

experiments

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12
Q

highly controlled procedures designed to generate observations that confirm or refute hypothesis

A

experiments

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13
Q

a brief statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future ones

A

law

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14
Q

“in a chemical reaction/ matter is neither created nor destroyed”

A

Law of conservation of mass

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15
Q

who made the law of conservation of mass

A

Antoine Lavoisier

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16
Q

one or more well established hypothesis may form the basis of a what

A

scientific theory

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17
Q

a model for the way nature is and tries to explain not merely what nature does but why

A

scientific theory

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18
Q

what is the pinnacle of scientific knowledge

A

theories

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19
Q

small indestructible particles

A

atoms

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20
Q

atomic theory

A

matter is made up of atoms

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21
Q

anything that occupies space and has mass

A

matter

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22
Q

specific instance of matter

A

substance

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23
Q

physical form of matter

A

state

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24
Q

the basic components that make it up

A

composition

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25
Q

atoms or molecules are in patterns with long ranges repeating orders

A

crystalline

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26
Q

atoms or molecules do not have any long range order

A

amorphous

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27
Q

what type of matter has a variable composition
(is made up of one or more component)
(varies from sample to another)

A

mixture

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28
Q

what type of matter has same composition
is only made up of one component)

A

pure substance

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29
Q

what substance can be separated into simpler substances
(substance composed of two or more elements)

A

compound

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30
Q

what substance cannot be separated into simpler substances

A

element

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31
Q

what mixture is not uniform throughout
(composition varies from one region of the mixture to another.)

A

heterogeneous

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32
Q

what mixture is uniform throughout
(same decomposition throughout )

A

homogeneous

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33
Q

carefully pouring off

A

decanting

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34
Q

a process in which the mixture is heated to boil off the more volatile liquid. the volatile liquid is then recondensed in a condenser and collected in a separated flask

A

distillation

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35
Q

easily vaporizable liquid

A

volatile

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36
Q

the mixture is poured through filter paper in a funnel

A

filtration

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37
Q

changes that alter only state and appearance but not composition
(atoms or molecules don not change their identity)

A

Physical changes

38
Q

changes that alter composition of matter are

A

chemical changes

39
Q

property that a substance displays without changing its composition

A

physical property

40
Q

property that a substance displays only by changing its composition

A

chemical property

41
Q

the capacity to do work

A

energy

42
Q

defined as the action of a force through distance

A

work

43
Q

the energy associated with the motion of an object

A

kinetic energy

44
Q

the energy associated with the temperature of an object

A

thermal energy

45
Q

is the energy associated with the position or composition of an object

A

potential energy

46
Q

standard quantities used to specify measurement

A

units

47
Q

defined as the distance light travels through a vacuum

si unit for length

A

meter (m)

48
Q

of an object is a
measure of the quantity of matter
within matter.

A

mass

49
Q

is a measure of
the gravitational pullon its matter.

A

weight

50
Q

Measure of the duration of an event

A

second

51
Q

is the SI unit of temperature.

A

Kelvin

52
Q

is a measure of the average
amount of kinetic energy of the atoms or
molecules that compose the matter.

A

Temperature

53
Q

thermal energy transfer,

A

heat

54
Q

is the temperature
at which molecular
motion virtually stops.
Lower temperatures do not
exist.

A

absolute zero

55
Q

is a combination of other units.

A

derived unit

56
Q

is a measure of
space; it has units of length
cubed

A

volume

57
Q

s the ratio of a
substance’s mass to
volume; it has units of
mass/volume (g/mL)

A

density

58
Q

the physical property does not depend on the amount of
substance.

A

intensive physical property

59
Q

hysical properties are dependent on the amount

A

extensive

60
Q

Densities of substances are affected by what

A

temperature

61
Q

The International System of Units uses the

A

prefix multipliers

62
Q

deal with writing numbers to reflect
precision of the measurement.

A

sig figs

63
Q

have an unlimited number of
significant figures.

A

exact numbers

64
Q

refers to the reproducibility fo
the measurements.

A

precision

65
Q

refers to how close the
measured value is to the actual value.

A

accuracy

66
Q

Si unit for mass

A

kilogram (kg)

67
Q

si unit for time

A

second (s)

68
Q

Si unit for temperature

A

kelvin (K)

69
Q

si unit for amount of a substance

A

mole (mol)

70
Q

si unit for electric current

A

ampere (A)

71
Q

si unit for luminous intensity

A

candela (cd)

72
Q

10 to the 18th power

A

exa (E)

73
Q

10 to the 15th power

A

peta (P)

74
Q

10 to the 12th power

A

tera (T)

75
Q

10 to the 9th power

A

giga (G)

76
Q

10 to the 6th power

A

mega (M)

77
Q

10 to the 3rd power

A

kilo (K)

78
Q

10 to the negative 1 power

A

deci (d)

79
Q

10 to the negative 2 power

A

centi (c)

80
Q

10 to the negative 3 power

A

milli (m)

81
Q

10 to the negative 6 power

A

micro (u)

82
Q

10 to the negative 9 power

A

nano (n)

83
Q

10 to the negative 12 power

A

pico (p)

84
Q

10 to the negative 15 power

A

femto (f)

85
Q

10 to the negative 18 power

A

atto (a)

86
Q

is an error that has the equal
probability of being too high or too low.

A

random error

87
Q

s an error that tends toward
being either too high or too low.

A

systematic error

88
Q

is a statement of two equivalent
quantities

A

unit equation

89
Q

s a fractional quantity of a
unit equation with the units we are converting
fromon the bottom and the units we are
converting toon the top.

A

conversion factor

90
Q

using units as guides is called

A

dimensional analysis

91
Q

simplifying the number so that they can be manipulated easily

A

order-of-magnitude estimation

92
Q

sets of measurements consistute what

A

data

Chemistry 1 (14 decks)

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