Chapter 3 Flashcards
These cells send and receive electrical signals to communicate between each other.
What are Neurons?
This part of the cell contains everything, including the nucleus of a neuron.
What is the Cell Body?
These long, tentacle-like appendages receive electrical impulses from other neurons.
What are Dendrites?
This long extension of a neuron sends out an electrical impulse once action potential is reached.
What is an Axon?
This fatty coating around the axon increase the speed of electrical impulses.
What is the Myelin Sheathe?
This part of the neuron is almost like an airport for neurotransmitters to be released to another neuron.
What is the Axon Terminal?
The brain’s ability to develop functions and change structures during development.
What is Neural Plasticity?
This brain development of neurons help integrate newer nerve cells with ones from youth.
What is Adult Neurogenesis?
These support cells for neurons include the microglian cells for waste removal, and oligodendrocytes for myelin production.
What are Glial Cells?
This neurodegenerative disease occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks myelin, slowing down neural cells.
What is MS Multiple Sclerosis?
This electrical movement occurs due to the charge of neurotransmitters and the resting charge of dendrites.
What is Ionic Movement?
These brain chemicals influence the electrical charge of the neuron to release signals.
What are Neurotransmitters?
This area is the intermediary between an axon terminal and the receiving dendrite.
What is Synapse?
This principle of neurons declares that a neuron will always fire a signal once the action potential threshold is reached.
What is the All-or-Nothing Principle?
This process occurs at the presynaptic axon terminal in which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed if in proximity.
What is the process of Reuptake?
This system of nerves includes the brain and spinal cord primarily.
What is the Central Nervous System?
This system of nerves connects to most organs and muscles in the body, creating two more types of systems: Autonomic and Somatic.
What is the Peripheral Nervous System?
When your body is under a stress response, it relies on this.
What is Sympathetic Nervous System?
When your body is in a state of neutrality, it uses this nervous system to regulate base levels of activity.
What is Parasympathetic Nervous System?
This brain section includes the Medulla, the Pons, and the Cerebellum.
What is the Hindbrain?
This part of the brain is responsible for keeping the heart and breathing rate at normal levels.
What is the Medulla?
This part of the brain is responsible for an individual’s alertness and arousal levels.
What is the Pons/Reticular Formation?
This part of the brain controls the motor controls responsible for balance and posture.
What is the Cerebellum?
This brain region contains the Tectum and Substantia Nigra.
What is the Midbrain?
This part of the brain orients our visual and auditory attention into responsive motor functions, otherwise known as reactions.
What is the Tectum?
This part of the brain release dopamine for completing voluntary movements.
What is the Substantia Nigra?
This part of the brain contains most of the brain, or the most visible parts.
What is the Forebrain?
These tubes in the forebrain contain waste removal fluid that also supplies nutrients and hormones to the brain and spine.
What are Ventricles?
This part of the brain is responsible for planned movement and skill development.
What is the Basal Ganglia?
This brain area includes the amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus to integrate sensory information with reward systems.
What is the Nucleus Accumbens?
This almond shaped brain region processes highly emotional stimuli, but is known more as the fear center.
What is the Amygdala?
This small brain area is known for memory formation and therefore assists in the learning process.
What is the Hippocampus?
The brain area is the operator, determining where signals are sent to throughout the brain.
What is the Thalamus?
Part of the Endocrine System, this area of the body keeps the body in homeostasis, or regulated to comfortable levels.
What is the Hypothalamus?
This odd-shaped gland is responsible for releasing hormones to other glands in the body.
What is the Pituary Gland?
The wrinkles of the brain containing both grey and white matter.
What is the Cerebral Cortex?
This lobe processes visual information.
What is the Occipital Lobe?
This lobe processes auditory information.
What is the Temporal Lobe?
This lobe processes higher functions that requires conscious thought, such as planning and impulse control.
What is the Frontal Lobe?
This lobe processes most touch sensations.
What is the Parietal Lobe?
The name of the nerve bundles that connect the two hemispheres of the brain.
What is the Corpus Callosum?
This idea states that the two hemispheres of the brain process different functions to improve parallel processing.
What is Lateralization?
To detect brain activity, the use of magnetic pulses to activate or inhibit brain activity may be used.
What is Trans-cranial Magnetic Stimulation?
