Chapter 2 Flashcards
This term is to describe the facts of the world free from individual bias.
What is Objectivity?
This term is to describe the facts of the world influenced from an individual perspective.
What is Subjectivity?
If your results are generalized, based on reliable measurements, with minimum bias and has gone through replication and public scrutiny, you’ve completed this.
What are the Five Characteristics of Quality Science?
These measurements are consistent between instruments and observers.
What is an Objective Measurement?
This object is something that can be changed in an experiment.
What is a Variable?
This type of definition helps scientists choose the best operating variables and instruments for their experiment.
What is an Operational Definition?
This term reflects the degree of accuracy measurements from instruments.
What is Validity?
This term describes how consistent observations are over time.
What is Reliability?
This term asks are scores similar to one another at different points in time?
What is Test-Retest Reliabilty?
This term asks if scores are similar to each other over different tests?
What is Alternate-Test Reliability?
This term asks if results can be applied to a larger sample or population.
What is Generalizabilty?
This psychological effect occurs when changes occur not because of variables but due to pressure from observation.
What is the Hawthorne Effect?
These cues can be picked up by a subject from an experimenter on what exactly the researcher is looking for from the experiment.
What are Demand Characteristics?
A subject might go out of their way to be viewed favourably by the experimenter, performing this term.
What is Social Desirability?
Researchers are guilty of committing this, when their expectations of subjects influence results.
What is Observer Expectancy?
This effect occurs when subjects are given a treatment that shouldn’t do anything, but sometimes has effects.
What is the Placebo Effect?
In this type of study, the participants are unaware of what exactly they are being tested on.
What is a Single-Blind Study?
In this type of study, both the experimenter and subjects are unaware of the true nature of the experiment.
What is a Double-Blind Study?
These clauses help keep subject information private and limited to use in the study.
What is Anonymity and Confidentiality?
This type of review is by other researchers in the same field.
What is Peer Review?
If someone can do this, they are able to remake an experiment and its results in the exact same conditions.
What is Replication?
This type of research is almost like a census in which you collect descriptive information from individual observations.
What is Descriptive Research?
This type of study follows one particular individual throughout a long period of time.
What is a Case Study?
To observe a subject in their natural environment.
What is a Naturalistic Observation?
This type of research tries to show how closely linked two different variables are.
What is Correlational Research?
This kind of variable can interfere with an experiment depending on how much of a presence it has.
What is a Lurking Variable?
This experimental design compares participants in different groups, such as a control versus an experimental group.
What is Between-Subjects Design?
This experimental design has all participants go through both a control and experimental stimuli.
What is Within-Subjects Design?
These cellular structures in the nucleus contain the genes and form into an almost X-like pattern.
What is a Chromosome?
This double-helix molecule contains the nucleotides to activate gene sequences.
What is Dioxyribonucleic Acid DNA?
These strings of nucleotides help guide protein synthesis.
What are Genes?
This type of genetics evaluating how much of an influence our genetics plays in our development.
What is Behavioural Genetics?
Coined by Charles Darwin, this term describes the change in frequency of traits in a population.
What is Evolution?
Cells control gene activity without altering the DNA sequence, known as this.
What is Epigenetics?
