Chapter 1 Flashcards
Study of behaviours and thoughts.
What is Psychology?
This term is supported by hypotheses as a framework to predict future events.
What is a Theory?
Cultivating a theory based on observations, and creating hypotheses to test the validity of a theory.
What is the Scientific Method?
It means that a hypothesis must have the ability to be proved wrong.
What is Falsifiable?
This model of behaviour explains our actions as a collective of biological, psychological, and social factors.
What is the Biopsychosocial Model?
It means that the simplest answer is the one we should use.
What is the Principle of Parsimony?
This viewpoint emphasizes that our knowledge comes from the observed experiences we go through.
What is Empiricism?
This viewpoint states that all events are determined by a cause and effect relationship, such as gravity makes objects fall towards the Earth.
What is Determinism?
This Ancient Greek was the Father of Medicine, and explained personality using four humours.
Who is Hippocrates?
What are the four humours Hippocrates mentions?
Blood/Sanguine, Phlegm, Black Bile, Yellow Bile
This term means “The Spirit of the Times”, or a collective set of beliefs held by a population at a certain time.
What is Zeitgeist?
To say all things are comprised solely of physical matter, with no extrasensory workings like a soul, is a belief under this viewpoint.
What is Materialism?
This viewpoint highlights non-physical properties working in tandem with the physical.
What is Dualism?
This scholarly father introduced a study of psychology focusing on connecting the external world with our mental cognition.
Who is Gustav Fetchner, Father of Psychophysics?
This naturalist created a theory that living creatures keep traits based on their means to help them survive, like a selection of sorts.
Who is Charles Darwin?
This type of psychology is used to diagnose and treat mental health disorders.
What is Clinical Psychology?
This pseudoscience was debunked in the 1840s, as health practitioners couldn’t locate all the mental organs on the scalp.
What is Phrenology?
This man pioneered what would be an early placebo effect by getting people to go along with abnormal situations or believe in healing from ailments.
Who is Franz Mesmer?
This controversial individual brought forth the idea that our subconscious influences our behaviours and personality known as psychoanalysis.
Who is Sigmund Freud?
This Greek scholar thought the life of man began as “Tabula Rasa”, or a blank slate.
Who is Aristotle?
This early pioneer sought to explain how the non-physical could affect the physical, and found his answer with the pineal gland.
Who is Rene Descartes?
Although this individual brought the idea of Nature and Nurture into a psychological view, he is now more known behind the idea of eugenics.
Who is Francis Galton?
This father of Contemporary Psychology started the technique of introspection to explain human behaviour.
Who is Wilhelm Wundt?
This psychologist looked at the conscious experience and organized it into elements, in what’s known as Structuralism.
Who is Edward Titchener?
This concept focuses solely on the external events and how they condition our behaviours.
What is Behaviourism?
This scientist famously used dogs and bells to condition responses and behaviours.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
This psychologist took behaviourism as the only concept that mattered and revolutionized marketing with his ideals.
Who is John B. Watson?
This scientist used punishments and rewards to change behaviours, quite radical for the times!
Who is B.F. Skinner?
This type of psychology focuses on how our social groups influence our behaviours.
What is Social Psychology?
This scientist created the principle of mass action, where the size of brain damage equals the amount of impairment.
Who is Karl Lashley?
This law states that if nerve cells fire simultaneously, then they are more likely to wire memories together.
What is Hebb’s Law?
