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Physical Science > Chapter 29.1 > Flashcards

Chapter 29.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some ancient observations to proof that earth is a sphere?

A

objects fall towards Earth’s surface, people in different parts of the world see different stars, and Earth’s shadow on the moon during a lunar eclipse.

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2
Q

What are two factors that affect gravitational pull?

A

Mass and distance

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3
Q

Which diameter of Earth is longer?

A

Equator

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4
Q

What does the magnetic field protect Earth from?

A

Harmful radiation

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5
Q

Which magnetic pole is located in the northern hemisphere?

A

South magnetic pole

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6
Q

Which magnetic pole is located in the southern hemisphere?

A

North magnetic pole

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7
Q

At what degrees is Earths axis tilted?

A

11.7 degrees

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8
Q

Can magnetic poles flip flop?

A

Yes

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9
Q

What are the large scale movements where the magnetic poles flip?

A

Magnetic reversal

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10
Q

How often do magnetic reversals occur?

A

780,000 years

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11
Q

With in Earths magnetic field what deflects solar radiation?

A

Magnetosphere

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12
Q

What are the scientific names of the northern and southern lights?

A

Auroras borealis and aurora australis

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13
Q

How are the auroras created?

A

Elected charge particles collide with atoms in the atmosphere and emit light

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14
Q

When is Earth closest to the sun?

A

January

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15
Q

When are we farthest to the sun?

A

Jully

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16
Q

an area 15 degrees wide in which the time is the same

A

Time Zone

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17
Q

the spinning of Earth on its axis, an imaginary line drawn from Earths North pole to its South pole

A

Rotation

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18
Q

the motion of Earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun

A

Revolution

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19
Q

defined as the plane of Earth’s orbit around the sun

A

Ecliptic

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20
Q

occurs when Earths rotational axis is tilted directly toward the sun or away from the sun

A

Solstice

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21
Q

Earth’s rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of Earth to the center of the sun

A

Equinox

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22
Q

Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C.?

A

Babylonians

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23
Q

What was the symbol for degree taken from?

A

from the sun

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24
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one day?

A

360 degrees

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25
Q

How many hours does it take the earth to make one full rotation?

A

24 hours

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26
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one hour?

A

15 degrees

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27
Q

What direction does the sun rise?

A

East

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28
Q

What direction does the sun set?

A

West

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29
Q

True or false. All time zones are the exact same size?

A

False, they are modified to fit around cities, states, and country boarders, and other key sites.

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30
Q

How many time zones are there in the world?

A

24 time zones

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31
Q

Which direction do you move to add hours to the time?

A

East

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32
Q

Which direction do you move to subtract hours from the time?

A

West

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33
Q

How many time zones are there in the United States?

A

6 time zones

34
Q

What are the names of the time zones?

A

Central, Atlantic/Alaskan, Eastern, Hawaiian, Pacific, and Mountain

35
Q

What is a solar day?

A

Sun at noon day to sun at noon the next day

36
Q

What is a sidereal day?

A

See a certain star the first horizon and look at the same star the next night

37
Q

What are the two main reasons for seasons?

A

the tilt of a it’s axis and its orbit around the sun

38
Q

Which 2 seasons have a solstice?

A

Summer and winter

39
Q

Which month is the summer solstice?

A

June 21

40
Q

Which month is the winter solstice?

A

December 21

41
Q

Which two seasons are equinoxes?

A

Spring and Fall

42
Q

Which month is the spring equinox?

A

March 20 or 21

43
Q

Which month is the fall equinox?

A

September 22 or 23

44
Q

When is the longest day of the year?

A

Summer solstice, June 21

45
Q

When is the shortest day of the year?

A

Winter solstice, December 21

46
Q

When are the days almost 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night?

A

Spring and all equinox, March 21 or 22, September 22 or 23.

47
Q

a rise or fall in the ocean surface

A

Tide

48
Q

reflects the change in appearance of the Moon as seen from Earth

A

Moon Phase

49
Q

occurs when the Moon moves directly between the Sun and Earth and casts a shadow on Earth

A

Solar Eclipse

50
Q

occurs when Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon and casts a shadow on the moon

A

Lunar Eclipse

51
Q

dark colored, flat, lava filled regions on the Moon’s surface

A

Maria

52
Q

a layer of dusty lunar material produced by collisions between asteroids and comets and the Moon

A

Regolith

53
Q

How many days does it take the moon to revolve around earth?

A

27.3 days

54
Q

A complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days, what is this called?

A

Synodic month

55
Q

Do we ever see the back side of the moon?

A

No

56
Q

What causes a tide to rise or fall?

A

gravitational pulls of the sun and the moon

57
Q

What is the rise of sea level called?

A

High tide

58
Q

After the sea level rises how many hours does it take for the sea level drop?

A

6 hours

59
Q

Which is farther from Earth, the sun or the moon?

A

Sun

60
Q

Does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on Earth’s tides?

A

Moon

61
Q

How are the sun, the earth, and the moon aligned for a spring tide?

A

The sun, the earth and the moon are in a straight line

62
Q

How are the sun, the earth, and the moon aligned for a neap tide?

A

An L, or 90 degree angle

63
Q

What does the phase of the moon you see depend on?

A

the positions of the moon, earth, and the sun relative to one another

64
Q

When does a new moon occur?

A

When the moon is between the the earth and the sun

65
Q

How many phases of the moon are there?

A

8 phases

66
Q

What is the definition of waxing phases?

A

the illuminated portion that we see becomes larger and larger each night

67
Q

What is the definition of waning phases?

A

the illumination decreases as the night goes on, so it becomes less and less

68
Q

What are the moon phase names?

A

New moon, waxing crescent, 1st quarter, waxing gibbons, full, waning gibbons, 3rd quarter, and waning crescent.

69
Q

Where is the word month derived from?

A

Moon

70
Q

How is the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a solar eclipse?

A

sun, moon, and earth

71
Q

What is an umbra?

A

the dark central part of a sun spot

72
Q

What is a penumbra?

A

partial eclipse

73
Q

How is the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a lunar eclipse?

A

Where the earth is between the sun and the moon

74
Q

How are the depressions on the moon formed?

A

Meteors, Asteroids, and Comets

75
Q

Are there mountains on the moon?

A

Yes

76
Q

Which side of the moon is thicker?

A

The back side

77
Q

Is the mantle of the moon a solid or a liquid?

A

Solid

78
Q

What did the Clementine spacecraft do?

A

Confirmed the thickness of the crust, and provided information on the mineral content of Moon rocks

79
Q

What did the Lunar Prospector do?

A

Collected evidence of the presence of water and ice, Moon has a small, iron-rich core, orbited the moon, taking photographs of lunar surface

80
Q

What is the Giant Impact Theory?

A

Mars size object collided with earth sending debris into orbit, debris sand orbit condensed creating a large size mass known as the moon

Physical Science (6 decks)

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