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Physical Science > chapter 28.1 > Flashcards

chapter 28.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

a layer extending an average of 12 km above Earth’s surface.

A

Troposphere

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2
Q

occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable

A

Temperature Inversion

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3
Q

a natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation

A

Greenhouse effect

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4
Q

How is the Earth’s atmosphere layers divided?

A

differences in composition and temperature

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5
Q

Which gas makes up the majority of the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen - 78%

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6
Q

Which gas makes up 21% of the atmosphere?

A

oxygen

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7
Q

What is the remaining 1% of gases in the atmosphere?

A

Trace gases, majority argon

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8
Q

In the troposphere does temperature increase or decrease?

A

Decrease

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9
Q

How many layers are in Earth’s atmosphere?

A

5

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10
Q

What are the names of the atmosphere layers, closest to furthest?

A

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere

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11
Q

Which layer is the ozone layer found in?

A

Stratosphere

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12
Q

Within the mesosphere does the temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

Decrease

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13
Q

Does the Thermosphere and the Exosphere affect the weather?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Where does 100% of solar radiation come from?

A

Sun

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15
Q

How much solar radiation is absorbed by Earths surface?

A

50%

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16
Q

How much solar radiation is reflected off of Earth’s surface?

A

5%

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17
Q

How much radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere?

A

20%

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18
Q

How much solar radiation is reflected back by clouds and other particles?

A

25%

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19
Q

What are the 3 basic cloud types?

A

Stratus, Cumulus, and cirrus

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20
Q

Describe stratus clouds?

A

layered, sheet like clouds

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21
Q

Describe cumulus clouds?

A

Puffy

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22
Q

Describe Cirrus clouds?

A

wispy, high altitude clouds

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23
Q

What is the process called where water moves from the land to the atmosphere and eventually comes back to the land?

A

Water Cycle

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24
Q

What are the steps of the water cycle.

A

evaporation,condensation, precipitation, run off, transpiration, and infiltration

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25
Q

a narrow band of fast moving, high altitude air

A

Jet Stream

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26
Q

the apparent deflection of an object due to Earth’s rotation

A

Coriolis Effect

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27
Q

a large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout

A

Air Mass

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28
Q

air masses interact in zones

A

Weather Front

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29
Q

How many jet streams are in the world?

A

4

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30
Q

How many pressure systems are there?

A

2

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31
Q

What is a low pressure system known as

A

Low (L)

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32
Q

Which way did the air flow from the pressure system?

A

Counter clockwise

33
Q

What are some results of a low pressure system?

A

cloud formation and precipitation

34
Q

What is a high pressure system known as

A

High (H)

35
Q

Which way does a high pressure system rotate?

A

clockwise

36
Q

What is the result of a high pressure system

A

causes the air to sink, which results in clear skies

37
Q

What are the 4 weather fronts

A

cold, warm, stationary, and occluded

38
Q

How is the cold front created

A

forces warm air upward in fast and chaotic manner

39
Q

How is a cold front represented on a weather forecast

A

Blue triangle

40
Q

How are warm fronts created

A

warm air rises gently above cold air

41
Q

How is warm fronts represented on a weather forecast

A

red semi-circles

42
Q

How are stationary fronts created

A

cold and warm air meet and last for days

43
Q

How are stationary fonts represented on a weather forecast

A

semi-circles and triangles alternate

44
Q

How are occluded fronts created

A

A fast moving cold front overtakes a slow warm front

45
Q

A climate that is strongly affected by an ocean

A

Maritime Climate

46
Q

A climate that is not directly affected by an ocean

A

Continental Climate

47
Q

Blows from over the water toward land in the afternoon, when the land is warmer than the water

A

Sea Breeze

48
Q

What is climate?

A

long-term average of weather conditions

49
Q

What is weather?

A

day to day outside conditions

50
Q

What are the five spheres that make up Earth’s system?

A

Atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, cryosphere

51
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

The air we breath

52
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

everything organic

53
Q

What is the hydrosphere?

A

liquid water

54
Q

What is the cryosphere?

A

frozen water in snow, ice, and glaciers

55
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

Earth’s outermost layer

56
Q

What is the primary factor that influences climate at any given location?

A

Latitude

57
Q

Where is solar radiation the most intense on Earth’s surface?

A

the equater

58
Q

At what angle does the sun rays hit the tropical zone?

A

90 degrees

59
Q

At what angle does the sun rays hit the temperate zone?

A

45 degrees

60
Q

At what angle does the sun rays hit the polar zones?

A

30 degrees

61
Q

What other factors determine climate?

A

Precipitation, mountains, and body’s of water

62
Q

On the windward side, what are the conditions like?

A

cool, wet, and has lots of vegetation

63
Q

On the leeward side, what are the condition like?

A

warm,dry, and little to none vegetation

64
Q

What is land breeze?

A

a breeze blowing toward the sea from the land, especially at night

65
Q

What type of climate zone and vegetation does Lamar have?

A

warm, semi arid, and grassland

66
Q

An increase in the average temperatures of Earth’s near surface air and oceans

A

Global Warming

67
Q

the warming of the pacific ocean off the coast of western south america that occurs every 3 to 10 years

A

El Nino

68
Q

which occurs when trade winds in the pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal

A

La Nina

69
Q

What are the two changes that Earth’s climate undergoes?

A

seasonal and long term

70
Q

How do seasonal changes happen?

A

the tilt and how the Earth rotates around the sun

71
Q

Which hemisphere experiences summer?

A

The hemisphere tilted towards the sun

72
Q

Whats the time period called where most of earths surface was covered in ice

A

Ice Age

73
Q

How long ago did Earth’s weather become pattern?

A

3, 000 years ago

74
Q

What factors could cause a climate change?

A

Earth’s axis, the shape of the orbit, and the distance from the sun

75
Q

What are some human factors that can change climate?

A

energy consumption, deforestation, industrial and agricultural practice

76
Q

What is deforestation?

A

the clearing of large areas of forest land

77
Q

a round, three dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions

A

Sphere

78
Q

an elongated, closed curve with two Foci

A

Ellipse

Physical Science (6 decks)

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