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Physical Science > Chapter 29.1 > Flashcards

Chapter 29.1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A round, three dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions.

A

Sphere

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2
Q

Is an elongated, closed curve with two foci

A

Ellipse

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3
Q

Is earth a perfect sphere?

A

No, the equator is long than pole to pole

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4
Q

What are some of the ancient observations that earth’s a sphere.

A
  1. Objects fall straight down to the surface
  2. Earth’s shadow on the moon during a lunar eclipse is always curved
  3. People in different parts of the world see different stars above their hprizons
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5
Q

What are two factors that effect gravitational pole?

A

Mass of an object and the distance between them

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6
Q

Which diameter on earth pole to pole, through the equator is the greatest ?

A

The equator 42 km is the difference

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7
Q

What does magnetic field protect us from ?

A

Harmful radiation

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8
Q

Which magnetic pole is located in the Northern Hemisphere?

A

the south magnetic pole

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9
Q

At what degrees is the axis tilted at?

A

11.7 degrees

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10
Q

Can the magnetic pole reverse?

A

Yes they can

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11
Q

What are the large scale of moments called where the magnetic poles changed?

A

Magnetic reversal

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12
Q

On average when does magnetic reversal occur?

A

About 200,000 years

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13
Q

How long ago did the last magnetic reverse happen?

A

780,000 years ago

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14
Q

What part of earths magnetic field deflects harmful radiation from the sun?

A

Magnetrosphere

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15
Q

What are the two scientific names of the northern lights and in the southern lights ?

A 
Aurora borealis (N)
Aurora Australis(S)
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16
Q

How are the auroras created?

A

Eletrically charged particles collide with atom sun the atmosphere and emit light

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17
Q

What month are we closest to the sun?

A

January ( !47 million km away)

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18
Q

What month is the farthest from the sun?

A

July

152 million km away

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19
Q

An area 15 wide in which the time is the same

A

time zone

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20
Q

The spinning of earth on its axis and imaginary line drawn from Earth’s north pole to its south pole

A

rotation

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21
Q

the motion of Earth in elliptical orbit around the sun

A

revolution

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22
Q

Defined as the plane of Earth’s orbit around the sun

A

Ecliptic

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23
Q

Occurs when Earth’s rotational axis is titled directly toward the sun or away for the sun

A

soltice

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24
Q

Earth’s rotational axis is perpendicular to line drawn from the center of earth to the center of the sun

A

Equinox

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25
Q

Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C ?

A

Babylonians

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26
Q

What was the symbol for degree taken from?

A

The symbol for the sun

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27
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one day?

A

360 degrees

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28
Q

How many hours does it take the earth to make one full rotation ?

A

24 hours

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29
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one hour?

A

15 degrees

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30
Q

What direction does the run rise?

A

Raises in the east

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31
Q

What direction does the sun set?

A

sets in the west

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32
Q

True or false.

All time Zones are the exact same size?

A

False. They are modified to fit around cities,states, and country borders, and other key sities

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33
Q

How many times zones are there in the world?

A

There are 24 times zones

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34
Q

Which direction do you move to add hours to the time?

A

East

35
Q

Which direction do you need to move to subtract hours from the time?

A

west

36
Q

How many time zones are there in the United States ?

A

6 times zones

37
Q

What are the names of the time zones?

A 
Eastern time 
Central time 
Mountain time
Pacific time 
Atlantic/ Alaskan time 
Hawaiian time
38
Q

What is solar day?

A

The movement of the sun from noon one day until noon is the next day

39
Q

What is a sidereal day?

A

When earth rotates based on stars

40
Q

What are the two main reasons for seasons?

A

Earths tilt’

orbit around the sun

41
Q

Which 2 seasons have a solstice?

A

Summer and winter

42
Q

Which month is the summer solstice?

A

June 21

43
Q

Which month is the winter solstice?

A

December 21

44
Q

Which two seasons are equinoxes?

A

Spring and fall

45
Q

Which month is the spring equinox?

A

March 20 or 21

46
Q

Which month is the fall equinox?

A

September 22 or 23

47
Q

When is the longest day of the year?

A

Summer solstice June

48
Q

When is the shortest day of the year?

A

Winter socialistic December

49
Q

When are the days almost 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night?

A

equinox march or September

50
Q

A rise or fall in the ocean surface

A

tide

51
Q

Reflects the change in appearance of the moon as seen from earth

A

moon phase

52
Q

occurs when the moon moves directly between the sun and earth and casts a shadow on earth

A

solar eclipse

53
Q

Occurs when earth passes between the sun and the moon and casts a shadow on the moon

A

lunar eclipse

54
Q

Are the dark colored, flat, lava filled regions on the moon surface

A

maria

55
Q

Is layer of dusty lunar material produced by collisions between asteroids and comets and the moon

A

regolith

56
Q

How many days does it take the moon to revolve around Earth?

A

27.3 days

57
Q

A complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days, what is this called?

A

synodic month

58
Q

Do we ever see the back side of the moon?

A

No

59
Q

What causes a tide to rise or fall?

A

gravitational pulls of the sun and the moon

60
Q

What is the rise of sea level call?

A

High tide

61
Q

After the sea level rises how many hour does it take for the sea level drop?

A

6 hours

62
Q

Which is farther from earth? the sun or the moon?

A

The sun

63
Q

Does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on earth’s tides?

A

The moon

64
Q

How are the sun,the earth,and the moon aligned for neap tide?

A

90 degree angle or L

65
Q

How are the sun, Earth, and the moon aligned for a spring tides?

A

The sun earth and the moon is aligned in a straight line

66
Q

What does the phase of the moon you see depends on?

A

On the positions of the moon and the earth and the sun relative to one another

67
Q

When does a new moon occur?

A

When the moon is between earth and the sun

68
Q

How many phases of moon are there?

A

there are eight

69
Q

What is the definition of waxing phases?

A

the illuminated portion that we can see appears larger each night

70
Q

What is the definition of waning phases?

A

The illuminated portion that we see begins to appear smaller

71
Q

What are the moon phases called?

A 
New
waxing crescent
1st quarter
waxing gibbous
Full
Waning gibbous
3rd quarter
waning crescent
72
Q

What are the word month derived from?

A

From the same root word as MOON

73
Q

how is earth,moon,and sun aligned during a solar eclipse?

A

sun moon earth.

74
Q

What is an umbra

A

A shadow of the moon

75
Q

What is a penumbra?

A

You would be light in the shadow

76
Q

How is the earth,moon,sun aligned during a lunar eclipse?

A

sun earth moon

77
Q

How are the depression on the moon formed?

A

meteorites, asteroids, comets

78
Q

Are there mountains on the moon?

A

Yes

79
Q

Which side of the moon is thicker?

A

far side

dark side

80
Q

Is the mantle of the moon a solid or a liquid?

A

solid

81
Q

What did the clementine spacecraft do?

A

That the crust on the side facing Earth is much thinner than on the far side

82
Q

What did the lunar prospector do?

A

Took photograph of the surface , confirmed that the moon has a small, iron rich core about 600 km in diameter, supports the presence of water ice on the moon

83
Q

What is the Giant Impact theory?

A

The moon formed about 4.6 billion years ago when a mars sized object collided with earth

Physical Science (6 decks)

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