Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physical Science > Chapter 27. 1.2.3. > Flashcards

Chapter 27. 1.2.3. Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Is a process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earth’s surface …

A

Weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A mixture of weathering rock, organic matter, water, and air is capable of supporting plant life…

A

Soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A removal of surface material through the process of weathering.

A

Erosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Rocks weather, erosional agents like water, ice, wind, and gravity move eroded materials from one place to another

A

Sediment transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where the erosional agents slows down or melts, it drops this sediment load in a process called ..

A

deposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A land area that gathers water for a major river is called a river’s ?

A

Drainage basin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The movement of water parallel to the shoreline is called a ?

A

Longshore current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. what is weathering ?
A

the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on the earth surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  1. Do rocks weather at the same rate?
A

they do not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  1. WHat are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather?
A

depends on rocks types, landscapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  1. What are the two types of weathering?
A

Mechanical

chemcial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  1. what type of change happens with mechanical weathering?
A

Physical change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  1. what type of change happens with chemical weathering ?
A

chemcial change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  1. What are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering ?
A

frost wedging
Biological activity
collision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  1. what causes frost wedging?
A

Occurs when water get collected in cracks of rocks then it freezes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. what is the cycle called during frost wedging
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  1. What causes biological activity?
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  1. What causes weathering during collisions?
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  1. what are the 2 types of chemical weathering cause by?
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  1. what is the chemical process called that is caused by oxygen ?
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  1. what is the chemical process called that is caused by water?
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  1. how many soils horizons?
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  1. true or false. All soils contain every soil horizon
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
  1. what are the specific soil horizon contain ?
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q
  1. what does the first soil horizon contain?
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
  1. What is the second horizon mostly made up of?
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
  1. which layer does leaching occur?
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q
  1. which horizon collect materials from previous horizons?
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q
  1. Which layer is partially weathered bedrocK?
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q
  1. which layer is unweathered bedrock?
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q
  1. which soil horizons make up the topsoil?
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q
  1. Which soil horizons make up the subsoil?
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

A

Weathering - breakdown of materials

Erosion - removal of surface material ``

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

When the slope of a river decreases what happens to the river’s speed?

A

It also decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are small streams called that flow into larger rivers?

A

Tributaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the land area called that gathers water for a major river?

A

Drainage basin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the boundary called the distinct drainage basins?

A

Drainage divide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

As water flows down hill due to gravity, water erodes earth’s surface creating…..?

A

Channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What shape do young rivers carve out on earth surface due to the fast movement ?

A

V- shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What type of rivers are wide and smooth gently slopes?

A

Mature

41
Q

When rivers flood and drop their sediment load, what type of landform is created?

A

Flood plains

42
Q

What is a sediment deposit that forms the mouth of the river ?

A

Deltas

43
Q

What are distributaries ?

A

branching channels created by delta

44
Q

What is called when a river or stream enters dry land?

A

Alluvial fans

45
Q
  1. What are the two types of glaciers?
A

Valley Glaciers

Continental Glaciers

46
Q
  1. Where do valley glaciers form?
A

Form in high, mountainous regions

47
Q
  1. Where do continental glaciers form?
A

ice sheets that occupy large land areas in colder climate

48
Q
  1. Where are the two continental glaciers located?
A

Greenland and antarctica

49
Q
  1. What is cirque?
A

A bowl shaped basins

50
Q
  1. What is an arete?
A

A long sharp ridgeline that is formed by 2 valley glaciers

51
Q
  1. What is a horn in a mountainous region?
A

Sharpened peaks

52
Q
  1. What shape of valley do valley glaciers form?
A

They create U shape valley

53
Q
  1. What are tributary glaciers?
A

They are small glaciers that feed into the large glaciers

54
Q
  1. What type of valleys do tributary glaciers form?
A

Hanging valleys

55
Q

On which side of the sand dune does erosion occur

A

windward side

56
Q

Where does deposition occur?

A

leeward side

57
Q

what is deflation ?

A

The removal of small particles by wind, leaving heavier particles behind

58
Q

What is desert pavement ?

A

Where small particles are removed, the remaining surface

59
Q

Due to wind what does the shape and size depend on ?

What three things

A

Wind speed
Amount of time the wind blows
Sediment supply

60
Q

What are three landforms created by wave erosion ?

A

Sea stacks
Coastal cliffs
Sea arches

61
Q

What are two landforms that are created from wave deposition

A

Sand bars and sand spits

62
Q

What are sand bars?

A

landforms that are parallel to the shoreline

63
Q

What are sand spits?

A

Similar to sand bars, but they curve back toward land in a hook shape

64
Q

What are some things that can cause mass wasting?

A

Snow
Heavy rains
Earthquakes
Human activity

65
Q

What are some examples of mass wasting ?

A

rock slides
mudflows
landslides

66
Q

A process by which water enters earth and becomes groundwater below the surface

A

Infiltration

67
Q

The upper boundary if the saurated zone

A

Water table

68
Q

A rock unit that can transfer water through is pore space

A

Aquifer

69
Q

A material is the percentage of the material’s total volume that is pore space

A

Poropsity

70
Q

The process of assigning an exact numerical age to an organism, an object, or an event

A

Absolute dating

71
Q

The process of placing objects or events in their proper order in time

A

Relative dating

72
Q

States that the laws of nature operate today as they have in the past

A

uniformitarianism

73
Q

States that in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the youngest rocks will be at the top and the oldest rocks will be at the bottom

A

Principle of superposition

74
Q

Are gaps in the rocks record during which either erosion occurred or deposition was absent

A

Unconformity

75
Q

The remains or traces of organisms found in the geologic rock record

A

fossil

76
Q
  1. What are the percentage of water on earth is salt water?
A

97%

77
Q
  1. What percentage of water on earth is freshwater?
A

3%

78
Q
  1. where is the majority of freshwater found?
A

In the glaciers (2%)

79
Q
  1. Where is the smallest percentage of freshwater found?
A

In lakes, rivers, and stored as ground water (1%)

80
Q
  1. What is precipitation?
A

When water vapors in the air cools and condenses to form liquid water or ice crystals
Examples - Rain , snow, sleet, and hail

81
Q
  1. What is runoff?
A

Water running off the land surface

82
Q
  1. What is infiltration?
A

The process by which water enters earth and become groundwater below the surface

83
Q
  1. What is transpiration?
A

When plants release water vapor into the atmosphere through their leaves

84
Q
  1. What is evaporation?
A

When water enters the atmosphere as water vapor

85
Q
  1. What is condensation?
A

Where water vapors collide with other water vapor molecules to form water droplets and eventually the water droplets are heavy enough to fall precipitation

86
Q
  1. What is water cycle?`
A

Where water from the land enters the atmosphere and eventually returns back to land

87
Q
  1. What is unsaturated zone for groundwater storage ?A
A

A porous area where water easily passes through

88
Q
  1. what is a saturated zone for groundwater storage ?
A

Beneath the unsaturated zone, where water completely fills the pore spaces

89
Q
  1. What is water table?
A

the upper boundary of the saturated zone

90
Q
  1. What does it mean if sediment is permeable?
A

The more permeable the easier the water can pass through the ground

91
Q

1, What is an aquifer?

A

A rock unit that can transfer water through its pore space

92
Q
  1. What is the name of the great Plains of Aquifer?
A

Ogallala Aquifer

93
Q
  1. How many states does the Great Plains Aquifer run through?
A

8 states

94
Q
  1. What are the names of the states that the Great Plains Aquifer runs through:?
A 
South Dakota 
Wyoming
Nebraska
Colorado 
Kansas
Oklahoma
New Mexico 
Texas
95
Q
  1. What is an aquitard?
A 
is a layer of sediment that confines water
Shale layers (example)
96
Q
  1. How are water springs formed?
A

Formed where the water table naturally meets Earth’s surface

97
Q
  1. What is an artesian well?
A

Wells drilled into pressurized aquifers

Pressure cause water to flow

98
Q
  1. What is a cone depression?
A

Direction that the water flows is directed down towards the well

Physical Science (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions