Chapter 26.1-26.4 Flashcards
1
Q
Is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form
A
MIneral
2
Q
The color of a mineral in powdered form is called
A
Streak
3
Q
When a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating set of smooth parallel sides, it has
A
Cleavage
4
Q
Minerals that break with irregular surfaces exhibit …
A
fracture
5
Q
The physical property that measures a minerals resistance to scratching is called
A
Hardness
6
Q
Molten rock material inside earth is called
A
Magma
7
Q
1.1.) A mineral is
A
Naturally occuring, Inorganic solid, with a srystanline form
8
Q
- 2.) What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s Crust ?
A
Oxygen and Silicon
9
Q
- 3.) What does inorganic mean?
A
Materials that are non living
10
Q
- 4.) What does the arrangement of an atom and the bond between them reflect about a mineral ?
A
How it breaks, how hard it is , and what type of crystal shape it has
11
Q
- 5.) What are all of the ways to identify minerals?
A
- Luster
- Streak.
- Cleavage
- Hardness
- Fractures
- Crystal shape
- Atomic Arrangement
12
Q
- 6.) What are the two types of luster?
A
Metallic and nonmetallic
13
Q
- 7.) How does Metallic luster reflect to light ?
A
Very easily like a piece of metal
14
Q
- 8.) How does nonmetallic luster reflect to light?
A
Has a glass like shine or appear earthy or waxy
15
Q
- 9.) How do you perform a streak test?
A
By rubbing a mineral on an unglazed, white porcelain tile
16
Q
- 10.) What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?1.
A
- Cleavage
2. Fracture
17
Q
- 11.) What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness to minerals?
A
Mohs Scale Hardness
18
Q
- 12.) What is the number range on Mohs Scale of Hardness?
A
1-10
19
Q
- 13.) How many different crystal shape system are there?
A
6 different system
20
Q
- 14.) Minerals grow from the ?
A
By how fast atoms can migrate to the crystal and by temperature, and pressure conditions of the surroundings
21
Q
- 15.) What are the 3 ways minerals can form?
A
Hot water, evaporation, and molten walk
22
Q
- 16.) What are the two mineral groups?
A
- Silicates group
2. Non Silicates Group
23
Q
- 17.) What mineral group is the most abundant in Earth’s Crust ?
A
Silicates minerals
24
Q
- 18.) What elements are silicates made up of?
A
Oxygen and silicon
25
1. 19.) Non silicates do not contain what element?
Silicon
26
1. 20.) What Mineral is used to make glass?
Quartz
27
2. 1.) Define rock
They contain minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass
28
2. 2.) How are rocks identified ?
By their composition and texture
29
2. 3.) What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?
The size,shape, and arrangement of the rocks components
30
2. 4,) Where do intrusive igneous rocks form?
Within the earth's crust
31
2. 5.) What type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from ?
Magma
32
2. 6.) What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals ?
bowen's reaction series
33
2. 7.) What are the 3 types of magam?
1. mafic
2. intermediate
3. Felsic
34
2. 8.) Which magma type has a low silica content ?
Mafic
35
2. 9.) Which magma type has a high silica content?
Felsic
36
2. 10.) Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz? (oceanic or continental)
Continental crust
37
2. 11.) Which type of crust has a little to no quartz ? ( oceanic or continental)7
Deep continental and oceanic crust
38
2. 12.) Which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture ?
Intrusive rock- cools slower
39
2. 13.) Which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture ?
Extrusive rock - cools quicker
40
2. 14.) Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly ?
Cools quickly
41
2. 15.) What are the two specific textures types for extrusive igneous rocks ?
vascular and porphyritic
42
2. 16.) Which textures is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling ?
vascular
43
2. 17.) Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates?
porphyritic
44
2. 18.) What type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture?
Extrusive rock - Pumice
45
3. 1, ) Define Clasts?
Small rocks and mineral fragments
46
3. 2.) What type of erosion are rocks on Earth's surface exposed to?
Water, wind , and other forces
47
3. 3.) What does it mean if clasts are being transported?
Being move to a new location to another
| From point A to B
48
3. 4.) What does it mean if clasts are being deposited?
Dropped off
49
3. 5.) Define pore space
The empty space in between the grains
50
3. 6.) Define compaction
A process where clasts stick together due to the weight of overlying material
51
3. 7.) Define cementation
Minerals precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystallize in the spaces between clasts in a process
52
3. 8.) How are sedimentary rocks are formed?
Clasts will be present, they will get compacted, water flows through the pore spaces causing cementation
53
3. 9.) What is another name for clasts?
Detritus
54
3. 10.) What are sedimentary rock called that are mostly made of clasts?
Detrital sedimentary rock
55
3. 11.) What is the decreasing size of clasts?
Known as gravel(BIggest) , sand, silt, or clay/mud
56
3. 12.) Which clasts size would be deposited first?
Gravel ( The heaviest material )
57
3. 13.) What are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks?
Conglomerate
Sandstone
Siltstone
Shale
58
3. 14.) How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?
They formed from water that contains dissolved solids, minerals crystals precipitates out of a solution through evaporation
59
3. 15.) if sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organism what are they called?
Biochemical sedimentary rocks
60
3. 16.) What are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks?
Lime stone and coal
61
3. 17.) What are the 3 types of sedimentary rock?
Biochemical
Chemical
Detrital Chemical
62
4. 1.) Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which 3 things?
heat, pressure, chemical reaction
63
4. 2.) Which types of rocks can be changed by metamorphism?
Igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic
64
4. 3.) What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas?
regional metamorphism
65
4.4.) What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small changes?
Contact metamorphism
66
4. 5.) When shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created?
Slate
67
4. 6.) What are the two types of metamorphic rock textures?
Foliated and nonfoliated
68
4. 7.) Define foliated texture
Have crystals that are arranged in layers and bands
69
4. 8.) define nonfoliated texture
Have crystals with more random orientations
70
4. 9.) Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things?
Texture and composition ( MIneral content)
71
4.10,) Define rock cycle
The continual changing of rocks from one type to another
72
4. 11.) Which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle?
Sedimentary rock, Metamorphic rock, Igneous rock
73
4. 12.) What are the 3 types of rocks?
Metamorphic rock, sedimentary rock, Igneous rock
74
4. 13.) Which types of rocks form from molten rock?
Igneous rocks
75
4. 14.) which types of rocks are formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once living matter?
Sedimentary rock
76
4. 15.) Which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions?
Metamorphic rocks
77
4. 16.) What can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock?
Minerals
