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Physical Science > Chapter 26.1-26.4 > Flashcards

Chapter 26.1-26.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

A

MIneral

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2
Q

The color of a mineral in powdered form is called

A

Streak

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3
Q

When a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating set of smooth parallel sides, it has

A

Cleavage

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4
Q

Minerals that break with irregular surfaces exhibit …

A

fracture

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5
Q

The physical property that measures a minerals resistance to scratching is called

A

Hardness

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6
Q

Molten rock material inside earth is called

A

Magma

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7
Q

1.1.) A mineral is

A

Naturally occuring, Inorganic solid, with a srystanline form

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8
Q
  1. 2.) What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s Crust ?
A

Oxygen and Silicon

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9
Q
  1. 3.) What does inorganic mean?
A

Materials that are non living

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10
Q
  1. 4.) What does the arrangement of an atom and the bond between them reflect about a mineral ?
A

How it breaks, how hard it is , and what type of crystal shape it has

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11
Q
  1. 5.) What are all of the ways to identify minerals?
A
  1. Luster
  2. Streak.
  3. Cleavage
  4. Hardness
  5. Fractures
  6. Crystal shape
  7. Atomic Arrangement
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12
Q
  1. 6.) What are the two types of luster?
A

Metallic and nonmetallic

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13
Q
  1. 7.) How does Metallic luster reflect to light ?
A

Very easily like a piece of metal

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14
Q
  1. 8.) How does nonmetallic luster reflect to light?
A

Has a glass like shine or appear earthy or waxy

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15
Q
  1. 9.) How do you perform a streak test?
A

By rubbing a mineral on an unglazed, white porcelain tile

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16
Q
  1. 10.) What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?1.
A
  1. Cleavage

2. Fracture

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17
Q
  1. 11.) What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness to minerals?
A

Mohs Scale Hardness

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18
Q
  1. 12.) What is the number range on Mohs Scale of Hardness?
A

1-10

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19
Q
  1. 13.) How many different crystal shape system are there?
A

6 different system

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20
Q
  1. 14.) Minerals grow from the ?
A

By how fast atoms can migrate to the crystal and by temperature, and pressure conditions of the surroundings

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21
Q
  1. 15.) What are the 3 ways minerals can form?
A

Hot water, evaporation, and molten walk

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22
Q
  1. 16.) What are the two mineral groups?
A
  1. Silicates group

2. Non Silicates Group

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23
Q
  1. 17.) What mineral group is the most abundant in Earth’s Crust ?
A

Silicates minerals

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24
Q
  1. 18.) What elements are silicates made up of?
A

Oxygen and silicon

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25
Q
  1. 19.) Non silicates do not contain what element?
A

Silicon

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26
Q
  1. 20.) What Mineral is used to make glass?
A

Quartz

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27
Q
  1. 1.) Define rock
A

They contain minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass

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28
Q
  1. 2.) How are rocks identified ?
A

By their composition and texture

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29
Q
  1. 3.) What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?
A

The size,shape, and arrangement of the rocks components

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30
Q
  1. 4,) Where do intrusive igneous rocks form?
A

Within the earth’s crust

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31
Q
  1. 5.) What type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from ?
A

Magma

32
Q
  1. 6.) What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals ?
A

bowen’s reaction series

33
Q
  1. 7.) What are the 3 types of magam?
A
  1. mafic
  2. intermediate
  3. Felsic
34
Q
  1. 8.) Which magma type has a low silica content ?
A

Mafic

35
Q
  1. 9.) Which magma type has a high silica content?
A

Felsic

36
Q
  1. 10.) Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz? (oceanic or continental)
A

Continental crust

37
Q
  1. 11.) Which type of crust has a little to no quartz ? ( oceanic or continental)7
A

Deep continental and oceanic crust

38
Q
  1. 12.) Which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture ?
A

Intrusive rock- cools slower

39
Q
  1. 13.) Which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture ?
A

Extrusive rock - cools quicker

40
Q
  1. 14.) Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly ?
A

Cools quickly

41
Q
  1. 15.) What are the two specific textures types for extrusive igneous rocks ?
A

vascular and porphyritic

42
Q
  1. 16.) Which textures is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling ?
A

vascular

43
Q
  1. 17.) Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates?
A

porphyritic

44
Q
  1. 18.) What type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture?
A

Extrusive rock - Pumice

45
Q
  1. 1, ) Define Clasts?
A

Small rocks and mineral fragments

46
Q
  1. 2.) What type of erosion are rocks on Earth’s surface exposed to?
A

Water, wind , and other forces

47
Q
  1. 3.) What does it mean if clasts are being transported?
A

Being move to a new location to another

From point A to B

48
Q
  1. 4.) What does it mean if clasts are being deposited?
A

Dropped off

49
Q
  1. 5.) Define pore space
A

The empty space in between the grains

50
Q
  1. 6.) Define compaction
A

A process where clasts stick together due to the weight of overlying material

51
Q
  1. 7.) Define cementation
A

Minerals precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystallize in the spaces between clasts in a process

52
Q
  1. 8.) How are sedimentary rocks are formed?
A

Clasts will be present, they will get compacted, water flows through the pore spaces causing cementation

53
Q
  1. 9.) What is another name for clasts?
A

Detritus

54
Q
  1. 10.) What are sedimentary rock called that are mostly made of clasts?
A

Detrital sedimentary rock

55
Q
  1. 11.) What is the decreasing size of clasts?
A

Known as gravel(BIggest) , sand, silt, or clay/mud

56
Q
  1. 12.) Which clasts size would be deposited first?
A

Gravel ( The heaviest material )

57
Q
  1. 13.) What are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks?
A

Conglomerate
Sandstone
Siltstone
Shale

58
Q
  1. 14.) How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?
A

They formed from water that contains dissolved solids, minerals crystals precipitates out of a solution through evaporation

59
Q
  1. 15.) if sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organism what are they called?
A

Biochemical sedimentary rocks

60
Q
  1. 16.) What are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks?
A

Lime stone and coal

61
Q
  1. 17.) What are the 3 types of sedimentary rock?
A

Biochemical
Chemical
Detrital Chemical

62
Q
  1. 1.) Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which 3 things?
A

heat, pressure, chemical reaction

63
Q
  1. 2.) Which types of rocks can be changed by metamorphism?
A

Igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic

64
Q
  1. 3.) What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas?
A

regional metamorphism

65
Q

4.4.) What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small changes?

A

Contact metamorphism

66
Q
  1. 5.) When shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created?
A

Slate

67
Q
  1. 6.) What are the two types of metamorphic rock textures?
A

Foliated and nonfoliated

68
Q
  1. 7.) Define foliated texture
A

Have crystals that are arranged in layers and bands

69
Q
  1. 8.) define nonfoliated texture
A

Have crystals with more random orientations

70
Q
  1. 9.) Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things?
A

Texture and composition ( MIneral content)

71
Q

4.10,) Define rock cycle

A

The continual changing of rocks from one type to another

72
Q
  1. 11.) Which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle?
A

Sedimentary rock, Metamorphic rock, Igneous rock

73
Q
  1. 12.) What are the 3 types of rocks?
A

Metamorphic rock, sedimentary rock, Igneous rock

74
Q
  1. 13.) Which types of rocks form from molten rock?
A

Igneous rocks

75
Q
  1. 14.) which types of rocks are formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once living matter?
A

Sedimentary rock

76
Q
  1. 15.) Which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions?
A

Metamorphic rocks

77
Q
  1. 16.) What can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock?
A

Minerals

Physical Science (6 decks)

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