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Physical Science > Chapter 28.1.2.3 > Flashcards

Chapter 28.1.2.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

A layer extending an average of 12 km above Earth’s surface

A

Troposhere

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2
Q

This occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and air becomes stable

A

temperature inversion

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3
Q

Is a natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation

A

greenhouse effect

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4
Q

How are the atmospheres divided into their layers?

A

Based on differences in composition and temperature

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5
Q

What is the atmosphere mainly made out of

A

Nitrogen ( 78%)

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6
Q

What is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere?

A

Oxygen (21%)

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7
Q

What is the one remaining percentage of gasses in atmosphere is called?

A

Trace gasses ( Majority is Argon)

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8
Q

Within the troposphere, does the temperature decrease or increase with altitude?

A

Decrease

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9
Q

How many layers are there in the atmosphere?

A

Five

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10
Q

What are the names of those layers?

A 
(Closest to farthest )
Troposphere
stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
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11
Q

Which layer is the ozone found in ?

A

Stratosphere layer

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12
Q

In the stratosphere does the temperature decrease or increase with altitude?

A

It increases

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13
Q

In the mesosphere does the temperature decrease or increase with altitude?

A

It decrease in the lower parts of the mesosphere and the higher spots increases

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14
Q

Does the thermosphere and exosphere impact weather??

A

No because its in outer space

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15
Q

What percentage of solar radiation gets absorbed by earth’s surface?

A

50%

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16
Q

What percentage of solar radiation is reflected off of Earth’s surface?

A

5%

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17
Q

What percentage of solar radiation is absorb by particles in the atmosphere?

A

20%

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18
Q

What percentage of solar radiation is reflected off the particles of the atmosphere?

A

25%

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19
Q

What are the three basic clouds types?

A

Stratus, cumulus, and cirrus

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20
Q

Described stratus clouds

A

Sheet like clouds associated with rain

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21
Q

Described cumulus clouds

A

Are puffy in shape and occur in fair weather

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22
Q

Described cirrus clouds

A

Are wispy, high altitude in clouds

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23
Q

What is the process called where water leaves land and enters the atmosphere and comes back to land?

A

The water cycle

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24
Q

What are the steps to the water cycle?

A 
Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
Runoff
infiltration
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25
Q

How many jet streams are there in the world?

A

4 jet streams

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26
Q

How many pressure system are there?

A

2 ‘
Low pressure system
High pressure system

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27
Q

The apparent deflection of an object due to Earth’s rotation is called

A

Coriolis Effect

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28
Q

A narrow band of fast moving, high altitude air

A

Jet steam

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29
Q

A large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout

A

Air mass

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30
Q

Air masses interact in zones

A

Weather front

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31
Q

What is a ;ow pressure also known as?

A

Low (L)

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32
Q

Which direction does a low pressure air flows?

A

Counterclockwise

33
Q

What are some results of a low pressure system?

A

since air rises, clouds will form and precipitation happens

34
Q

What is high pressure also know as ?

A

High ( H )

35
Q

Which direction does high pressure air flow?

A

Clockwise

36
Q

What do high pressure system to cause?

A

The air to sink, which results in clear skies

37
Q

What are the 4 weather fronts?

A

Cold front
warm front
stationary front
occluded front

38
Q

How are cold fronts created?

A

Cold air forced warm air upward in a fast and chaotic manner

39
Q

What represents a cold front on a weather forecast?

A

Blue triangles,

40
Q

How are warm fronts created?

A

Warm air rises gently above cold air

41
Q

What represents a warm front on the weather forecast?

A

Red semi circles

42
Q

How are stationary fronts created?

A

Cold and warm air masses meet and neither front advanced

43
Q

What represents stationary fronts on weather forecast?

A

Semi circle and triangle alternating q

44
Q

How are occluded fronts created?

A

A fast moving cold front overtakes a slow warm front

45
Q

What represents occluded front on a weather forecast news?

A

Purple triangle and semicircle on one side

46
Q

A climate that is strongly affected by an ocean

A

Maritime climate

47
Q

A climate that is not directly affected by an ocean is called

A

continental climate

48
Q

What blows from over the water towards land in the afternoon, when the land is warmer than the water pressure

A

sea breeze

49
Q

What is climate?

A

A long term average of weather conditions

50
Q

What is weather?

A

Day day outside conditions

51
Q

What are the 5 sphere that makes up earth’s system?

A 
Atmosphere
Cryosphere
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
Biosphere
52
Q

atmosphere?

A

Included the air around us

53
Q

Biosphere

A

Is everything organic

54
Q

Hydrosphere

A

Liquid water

55
Q

Crysphere

A

Frozen water in snow, ice, and glaciers

56
Q

Lithosphere

A

Earth’s outermost layer

57
Q

What is primary factor that influences climate at a given location?

A

Latitude

58
Q

At which location does earth receive the most intense solar radiation?

A

The equator and it decreases towards the pole

59
Q

At what degrees does the sun rays hit earth on the tropic zone?

A

90 degrees

60
Q

Which degrees does the sun rays hit the earth surface in the temperate zone ?

A

45 degrees

61
Q

What degrees does the sun rays hit earth’s surface in the polar zones?

A

30 degrees

62
Q

What factors determine climate?

A

Precipitation
Mountains
Water

63
Q

What is it like on the windward side on a mountain?

A

the air is cool and wet and there is a lot of vegetation

64
Q

What is it like on the leeward side of the mountain?

A

The air is warm and dry and little to no vegetation

65
Q

What is land breeze?

A

Air blowing to land on water and it happens during night

66
Q

In lamar colorado what type climate zone are we in and what type of vegetation?

A

Warm semi-arid

Grassland

67
Q

Is the opposite of el nino, which occurs when trade winds in the Pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal.

A

La nina

68
Q

Is the warning of the pacific ocean off the coast of western south america that occurs every 3 to 10 years

A

El nino

69
Q

An increase in the average temperatures of Earth’s surface near-surface air and oceans is called

A

Global warming

70
Q

What are the two changes that earth’s climate undergo?

A

Seasonal and long term

71
Q

How do seasonal changes happen?

A

They happen due to earth revolves around the sun

72
Q

In general, which hemisphere is in summer?

A

Tilted towards the sun

73
Q

What period of time , where earth’s surface was covered in ice?

A

Ice age

74
Q

How long ago did the world’s climate reached it current pattern?

A

3,000 years ago

75
Q

What are some factors that can change climate?

A

The tilt of earth’s axis
The shape of orbit
distances from the sun

76
Q

How do humans effect climate?

A

Deforestation
agricultural practice
industrial

77
Q

What is deforestation?

A

Clearing a large area of trees

78
Q

What are two ways that carbon cycle is affected?

A

Deforestation and loss of vegetation

Physical Science (6 decks)

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