Chapter 29 Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the apex of the lung? Where is it located?
- The rounded superior end of the lung
- Above the first rib
What is the base of the lung? Where is it located?
- A concave surface
- Adjacent to the upper surface of the diaphragm
What is found at the hilus?
Root of the lung (pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins (2), and primary bronchus)
What is the pulmonary artery?
A branch of the pulmonary trunk that carries DEOXYGENATED blood from the heart to the lung
What are the pulmonary veins?
Carry OXYGENATED blood from the lungs to the heart
What is the primary bronchus?
Branch of the trachea
What surface of the lung is the hilus found on?
Medial surface
What is the costal surface?
A surface that is adjacent to the thoracic wall
What is the diaphragmatic surface?
A surface that is adjacent to the upper surface of the diaphragm
When does the conductive phase start and stop?
- Starts: Outer environment
- Stops: Lungs
When does the gas exchange/respiratory phase start and stop?
- Starts: Lungs
- Stops: Bloodstream
What happens in the conductive phase?
Movement of gases from outer environment to respiratory tubes to lungs
What happens in the gas exchange/respiratory phase?
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood and the air sacs of the lungs
What are characteristics of the right bronchus?
- It is wider, shorter, and straighter
- 2.5 cm in length
What are characteristics of the left bronchus?
- Smaller than right bronchus
- Twice as long as the right bronchus (5cm)
- Makes a more acute angle with the trachea
What are bronchopulmonary segments?
The largest segment within a lobe of the lung
What are bronchopulmonary segments separated by?
Connective tissue septa
What tissue changes take place as we move from bronchi to bronchioles to alveoli?
- Bronchi: Cartilage & CT
- Bronchioles: No cartilage; CT & smooth muscle
- Alveoli: ONLY thin layer of epithelium and connective tissue
A molecule of air enters the nasal cavity, describe the path this molecule of air will take to reach the alveolus by naming each structure it passes through.
Nasal cavity –> pharynx –> larynx –> trachea –> primary bronchus –> secondary bronchus –> tertiary bronchus –> terminal bronchioles –> respiratory bronchioles –> alveolar ducts –> alveoli
How would the pathway of the molecule of air change if the air molecule entered the oral cavity?
Pharynx –> larynx –> trachea –> primary bronchus –> secondary bronchus –> tertiary bronchus –> terminal bronchioles –> respiratory bronchioles –> alveolar ducts –> alveoli
Which structure in the respiratory system is the most abundant or covers the most surface area?
Alveoli
