Chapter 29 Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the apex of the lung? Where is it located?

Answer 1

• The rounded superior end of the lung
• Above the first rib

Question 2

What is the base of the lung? Where is it located?

Answer 2

• A concave surface
• Adjacent to the upper surface of the diaphragm

Question 3

What is found at the hilus?

Answer 3

Root of the lung (pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins (2), and primary bronchus)

Question 4

What is the pulmonary artery?

Answer 4

A branch of the pulmonary trunk that carries DEOXYGENATED blood from the heart to the lung

Question 5

What are the pulmonary veins?

Answer 5

Carry OXYGENATED blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 6

What is the primary bronchus?

Answer 6

Branch of the trachea

Question 7

What surface of the lung is the hilus found on?

Answer 7

Medial surface

Question 8

What is the costal surface?

Answer 8

A surface that is adjacent to the thoracic wall

Question 9

What is the diaphragmatic surface?

Answer 9

A surface that is adjacent to the upper surface of the diaphragm

Question 10

When does the conductive phase start and stop?

Answer 10

• Starts: Outer environment
• Stops: Lungs

Question 11

When does the gas exchange/respiratory phase start and stop?

Answer 11

• Starts: Lungs
• Stops: Bloodstream

Question 12

What happens in the conductive phase?

Answer 12

Movement of gases from outer environment to respiratory tubes to lungs

Question 13

What happens in the gas exchange/respiratory phase?

Answer 13

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood and the air sacs of the lungs

Question 14

What are characteristics of the right bronchus?

Answer 14

• It is wider, shorter, and straighter
• 2.5 cm in length

Question 15

What are characteristics of the left bronchus?

Answer 15

• Smaller than right bronchus
• Twice as long as the right bronchus (5cm)
• Makes a more acute angle with the trachea

Question 16

What are bronchopulmonary segments?

Answer 16

The largest segment within a lobe of the lung

Question 17

What are bronchopulmonary segments separated by?

Answer 17

Connective tissue septa

Question 18

What tissue changes take place as we move from bronchi to bronchioles to alveoli?

Answer 18

• Bronchi: Cartilage & CT
• Bronchioles: No cartilage; CT & smooth muscle
• Alveoli: ONLY thin layer of epithelium and connective tissue

Question 19

A molecule of air enters the nasal cavity, describe the path this molecule of air will take to reach the alveolus by naming each structure it passes through.

Answer 19

Nasal cavity –> pharynx –> larynx –> trachea –> primary bronchus –> secondary bronchus –> tertiary bronchus –> terminal bronchioles –> respiratory bronchioles –> alveolar ducts –> alveoli

Question 20

How would the pathway of the molecule of air change if the air molecule entered the oral cavity?

Answer 20

Pharynx –> larynx –> trachea –> primary bronchus –> secondary bronchus –> tertiary bronchus –> terminal bronchioles –> respiratory bronchioles –> alveolar ducts –> alveoli

Question 21

Which structure in the respiratory system is the most abundant or covers the most surface area?

Answer 21

Alveoli