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Theory Exam 4 > Chapter 26 Heart > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the heart?

A
  • Pericardium
  • Myocardium
  • Endocardium
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2
Q

Where does the fibrous pericardium (external most layer of heart) connect to superiorly and inferiorly?

A
  • Superiorly: blends with major blood vessels of the heart, vena cava, aorta, pulmonary vessels
  • Inferiorly: blends with the central tendon of the diaphragm
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3
Q

What are auricles?

A

earlike appendages; attached laterally to the atria

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4
Q

What is the function of the auricles?

A

increase capacity of the atrium

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5
Q

What artery does the left coronary artery branch into?

A
  • The anterior interventricular artery (left anterior descending artery)
  • Circumflex branch
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6
Q

What artery does the right coronary artery branch into?

A
  • Marginal branch
  • Posterior interventricular artery
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7
Q

Where does the SVC, IVC, and coronary sinus drain into?

A

Right atrium

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8
Q

Where can a papillary muscle be found?

A

Attached to chordae tendinae

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9
Q

Where can a chordae tendinae be found and what type of valve is it associated with?

A

Attached to the lower surface of the cusps; AV valve

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10
Q

Trace the blood route through the heart starting with the SVC, IVC, and Coronary sinus and ending with the descending aorta.

A

Blood is deoxygenated
SVC –> IVC –> coronary sinus –> right atrium –> Right AV valve/tricuspid –> right ventricle –> pulmonary SL valve –> pulmonary trunk –> pulmonary arteries –> lungs
Blood is oxygenated
Lungs –> pulmonary veins –> left atrium –> left AV valve/bicuspid/mitral –> left ventricle –> aortic SL valve –> ascending aorta –> aortic arch –> descending aorta

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11
Q

Which chamber’s wall is the thickest?

A

Left ventricle

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12
Q

What artery supplies the breast?

A
  • Internal thoracic artery (Principal blood supply to the breast; about 50%)
  • Lateral thoracic artery
  • Intercostal arteries
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13
Q

Where do the coronary arteries originate from?

A
  • Right coronary artery: right aortic sinus
  • Left coronary artery: left aortic sinus
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14
Q

How many cusps does each valve of the heart have?

A
  • Bicuspid (mitral, left AV) valve: 2 cusps
  • Tricuspid (right AV) valve: 3 cusps
  • Aortic SL valve: 3 cusps
  • Pulmonary SL valve: 3 cusps
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15
Q

What is the fossa ovalis?

A

Oval depression; located in right atrium

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16
Q

What is the foramen ovale?

A

A foramen that existed between the right and left atrium in the fetal stage; closes at birth and remains in an adult as the fossa ovalis

17
Q

What is the ligamentum arteriosum?

A

A cord-like band that connects the pulmonary trunk and aortic arch

18
Q

What area does the coronary sinus drain?

A

Drains deoxygenated blood into right atrium

19
Q

What area does the IVC drain?

A

Lower half of the body

20
Q

What area does the SVC drain?

A

Upper half of the body

21
Q

What is musculi pectinati? Where is it found?

A

Muscular ridge-like extensions; In the auricular portion of the right atrium

22
Q

What is trabeculae carnae? Where is it found?

A

Internal muscular ridge-like folds; In the inner surface of the right and left ventricle

23
Q

Create a pathway of the electrical conduction of the heart starting with the sinoatrial node.

A
  1. SA node
  2. AV node
  3. AV bundle (bundle of His)
  4. left and right bundle branches
  5. Purkinje fibres
24
Q

Discuss the location of each of the structures involved in electrical conduction

A
  1. SA node: Between the superior vena cava and the right atrium
  2. AV node: In the upper part of the interventricular septum
  3. AV bundle (bundle of His): Extends down into the interventricular septum
  4. left and right bundle branches: Interventricular septum
  5. Purkinje fibres: Inner ventricular walls of the heart; beneath the endocardium
25
Q

Which structure of the heart is known as the pacemaker?

A

SA node

26
Q

What is the moderator band?

A

A band that attaches to the interventricular septum and to the anterior papillary muscle

27
Q

What is the interventricular septum?

A

The wall between the right and left ventricles

28
Q

What is the interatrial septum?

A

The division between the right and left atrium

29
Q

What structure(s) help protect the heart anteriorly and posteriorly?

A
  • Anteriorly: Sternum
  • Posteriorly: Thoracic vertebrae
30
Q

Where can the apex of the heart be found?

A

At the level of the left sixth costal cartilage

Theory Exam 4 (7 decks)

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