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Biology > Chapter 29: Plant Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 29: Plant Tissues Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Transpiration

A

Evaporation of water from the plant surface

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2
Q

Guttation

A

Loss of liquids from the ends of vascular tissues at the margins of leaves

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3
Q

Water potential

A

Potential energy of water molecules

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4
Q

Ground meristem

A

Primary meristem that gives rise to the ground tiss system

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5
Q

Xylem

A

Tissue with pipelines that conduct water and solutes through vascular plants. Its pipelines are interconnecting walls of cells that are dead at maturity.

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6
Q

Biennial

A

Flowering plant that completes life cycle in two growing seasons.
Their roots, stems, and leaves form the first season; flowers form, seeds form, and the plant dies in the next season.

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7
Q

Meristem

A

Local region of a dividing cell.

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8
Q

Cork

A

Secondary tissue that develops from the cork cambium.

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9
Q

Procambium

A

Meristem that gives rise to primary vascular tissue

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10
Q

Apical meristem

A

Mass of self-perpetuating cells responsible for primary growth at root tip and shoot tip

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11
Q

Phloem

A

Plant vascular tissue that conducts sugars and other solutes. Includes living cells (sieve tubes) that interconnect to form conducting tubes and adjoining companion cells that assist in loading solutes into the tubes

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12
Q

Pith

A

In a dicot stem, region at the stem’s center inside its ring of vascular bundles

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13
Q

Vascular cambium

A

A lateral meristem that increases stem or root diameter

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14
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost tissue layer of plants

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15
Q

Periderm

A

Protective cover that replaces plant epidermis during extensive secondary growth

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16
Q

Tracheid

A

An elongated, tapering xylem cell without open end walls

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17
Q

Cork cambium

A

Lateral meristem that replaces epidermis with cork on woody plant parts

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18
Q

Collenchyma

A

Simple plant tissue (one cell type only). Gives flexible support for primary growth, as in lengthening cells

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19
Q

Vascular bundle

A

An arrangement of primary xylem and phloem into multistranded, sheathed cords that thread lengthwise throughout the ground tissue system

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20
Q

Softwoods

A

Conifers

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21
Q

Mesophyll

A

Plant tissue that has photosynthetic parenchyma and many air spaces

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22
Q

Dermal tissue system

A

All tissues that cover and protect exposed surfaces of a plant

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23
Q

Root hairs

A

Threadlike extensions of a specialized epidermal cell of a young root. Increases root surface area for absorbing water and minerals.

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24
Q

Root

A

Plant part, typically below ground, that absorbs water and dissolved minerals, anchors above ground parts, and often stores food

25
Q

Protoderm

A

Primary meristem that gives rise to the dermal tissue system

26
Q

Bud

A

Undeveloped shoot, mainly meristematic tissue. Small, protective scales often cover it.
Give rise to new stems, leaves, and flowers.

27
Q

Cotyledon

A

Seed leaf. One or two form as part of a monocot or dicot embryo; nourish seedling through germination and early growth

28
Q

Lateral meristem

A

Meristem in plants that shows secondary growth; vascular or cork cambium

29
Q

Primary root

A

First root to develop after germination

30
Q

Sclerenchyma

A

Simple plant tissue that supports mature plant parts and commonly protects seeds. Most of its cells have thick, lignin-impregnated walls

31
Q

Bark

A

Of a woody stem, all tissues external to the vascular cambium
Periderm and secondary phloem

32
Q

Lateral root

A

Outward branching from the first (primary) root of a taproot system

33
Q

Compartmentalization

A

Responses of trees to attack by pathogens; include walling off wounds and deploying toxic compounds

34
Q

Ground tissue system

A

Tissues (parenchyma, especially) making up most of the plant body

35
Q

Vessel member

A

Type of cell in xylem; dead at maturity, but its wall becomes part of a water-conducting pipeline
(A vessel)

36
Q

Monocot

A

A flowering plant with one cotyledon in its seeds, floral parts generally in threes (or multiples of three), and often parallel-vein leaves

37
Q

Growth rings

A

Alternating bands of early and late wood visible in a radial cut through a woody stem

38
Q

Annual

A

Flowering plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season
Nonwoody, herbaceous plants

39
Q

Companion cell

A

Specialized living parenchyma cell that assists in loading organic compounds into adjacent conducting cells of phloem

40
Q

Dicot

A

A flowering plant that generally had embryos with two cotyledons (seed leaves); net-vein leaves; and floral parts arranged in fours, fives, or multiples of these

41
Q

Cortex

A

In vascular plants, the ground tissue that supports plant parts and stores food

42
Q

Leaf

A

Chlorophyll-rich plant part adapted for sunlight interception and photosynthesis

43
Q

Shoots

A

Above ground part of a plant

44
Q

Vein

A

Of a leaf, one of the vascular bundles that thread through photosynthetic tissues

45
Q

Sapwood

A

Of a woody stem, secondary growth between the vascular cambium and heartwood

46
Q

Vascular tissue system

A

Xylem and phloem, the conducting tissues that distribute water and solutes through a vascular plant

47
Q

Perennial

A

Flowering plant that lives for three or more growing seasons

48
Q

Heartwood

A

The innermost portion of a woody stem; a dry tissue that is a dumping ground for metabolic wastes

49
Q

Hardwoods

A

Dicot trees

50
Q

Node

A

Stem site where one or more leaves form

51
Q

Parenchyma

A

Simple tissue that makes up the bulk of a plant body. Roles in photosynthesis, storage, secretion, other tasks

52
Q

Vascular cylinder

A

Arrangement of vascular tissues as a central cylinder in roots

53
Q

Stoma

A

One of many gaps between two guard cells in leaf and stem epidermis. Opens and closes to control inward movement of carbon dioxide and outward movement of water vapor and oxygen, depending on whether conditions in environment call for water conservation

54
Q

Cuticle

A

Of plants, a transparent cover of waxes and cutin on outer epidermal cell walls

55
Q

Taproot system

A

A primary root and lateral branches; typical of dicots

56
Q

Fibrous root system

A

Root system in which adventitious roots arise from the stem, then lateral roots branch from these; typical of monocots

57
Q

Sieve-tube member

A

One of the cells that join together as phloem’s sugar-conducting tubes

58
Q

Internode

A

Stem region between nodes

Biology (6 decks)

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