Chapter 29: Plant Tissues

Question 1

Transpiration

Answer 1

Evaporation of water from the plant surface

Question 2

Guttation

Answer 2

Loss of liquids from the ends of vascular tissues at the margins of leaves

Question 3

Water potential

Answer 3

Potential energy of water molecules

Question 4

Ground meristem

Answer 4

Primary meristem that gives rise to the ground tiss system

Question 5

Xylem

Answer 5

Tissue with pipelines that conduct water and solutes through vascular plants. Its pipelines are interconnecting walls of cells that are dead at maturity.

Question 6

Biennial

Answer 6

Flowering plant that completes life cycle in two growing seasons.
Their roots, stems, and leaves form the first season; flowers form, seeds form, and the plant dies in the next season.

Question 7

Meristem

Answer 7

Local region of a dividing cell.

Question 8

Cork

Answer 8

Secondary tissue that develops from the cork cambium.

Question 9

Procambium

Answer 9

Meristem that gives rise to primary vascular tissue

Question 10

Apical meristem

Answer 10

Mass of self-perpetuating cells responsible for primary growth at root tip and shoot tip

Question 11

Phloem

Answer 11

Plant vascular tissue that conducts sugars and other solutes. Includes living cells (sieve tubes) that interconnect to form conducting tubes and adjoining companion cells that assist in loading solutes into the tubes

Question 12

Pith

Answer 12

In a dicot stem, region at the stem’s center inside its ring of vascular bundles

Question 13

Vascular cambium

Answer 13

A lateral meristem that increases stem or root diameter

Question 14

Epidermis

Answer 14

Outermost tissue layer of plants

Question 15

Periderm

Answer 15

Protective cover that replaces plant epidermis during extensive secondary growth

Question 16

Tracheid

Answer 16

An elongated, tapering xylem cell without open end walls

Question 17

Cork cambium

Answer 17

Lateral meristem that replaces epidermis with cork on woody plant parts

Question 18

Collenchyma

Answer 18

Simple plant tissue (one cell type only). Gives flexible support for primary growth, as in lengthening cells

Question 19

Vascular bundle

Answer 19

An arrangement of primary xylem and phloem into multistranded, sheathed cords that thread lengthwise throughout the ground tissue system

Question 20

Softwoods

Answer 20

Conifers

Question 21

Mesophyll

Answer 21

Plant tissue that has photosynthetic parenchyma and many air spaces

Question 22

Dermal tissue system

Answer 22

All tissues that cover and protect exposed surfaces of a plant

Question 23

Root hairs

Answer 23

Threadlike extensions of a specialized epidermal cell of a young root. Increases root surface area for absorbing water and minerals.

Question 24

Root

Answer 24

Plant part, typically below ground, that absorbs water and dissolved minerals, anchors above ground parts, and often stores food

Question 25

Protoderm

Answer 25

Primary meristem that gives rise to the dermal tissue system

Question 26

Bud

Answer 26

Undeveloped shoot, mainly meristematic tissue. Small, protective scales often cover it. Give rise to new stems, leaves, and flowers.

Question 27

Cotyledon

Answer 27

Seed leaf. One or two form as part of a monocot or dicot embryo; nourish seedling through germination and early growth

Question 28

Lateral meristem

Answer 28

Meristem in plants that shows secondary growth; vascular or cork cambium

Question 29

Primary root

Answer 29

First root to develop after germination

Question 30

Sclerenchyma

Answer 30

Simple plant tissue that supports mature plant parts and commonly protects seeds. Most of its cells have thick, lignin-impregnated walls

Question 31

Bark

Answer 31

Of a woody stem, all tissues external to the vascular cambium Periderm and secondary phloem

Question 32

Lateral root

Answer 32

Outward branching from the first (primary) root of a taproot system

Question 33

Compartmentalization

Answer 33

Responses of trees to attack by pathogens; include walling off wounds and deploying toxic compounds

Question 34

Ground tissue system

Answer 34

Tissues (parenchyma, especially) making up most of the plant body

Question 35

Vessel member

Answer 35

Type of cell in xylem; dead at maturity, but its wall becomes part of a water-conducting pipeline (A vessel)

Question 36

Monocot

Answer 36

A flowering plant with one cotyledon in its seeds, floral parts generally in threes (or multiples of three), and often parallel-vein leaves

Question 37

Growth rings

Answer 37

Alternating bands of early and late wood visible in a radial cut through a woody stem

Question 38

Annual

Answer 38

Flowering plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season Nonwoody, herbaceous plants

Question 39

Companion cell

Answer 39

Specialized living parenchyma cell that assists in loading organic compounds into adjacent conducting cells of phloem

Question 40

Dicot

Answer 40

A flowering plant that generally had embryos with two cotyledons (seed leaves); net-vein leaves; and floral parts arranged in fours, fives, or multiples of these

Question 41

Cortex

Answer 41

In vascular plants, the ground tissue that supports plant parts and stores food

Question 42

Leaf

Answer 42

Chlorophyll-rich plant part adapted for sunlight interception and photosynthesis

Question 43

Shoots

Answer 43

Above ground part of a plant

Question 44

Vein

Answer 44

Of a leaf, one of the vascular bundles that thread through photosynthetic tissues

Question 45

Sapwood

Answer 45

Of a woody stem, secondary growth between the vascular cambium and heartwood

Question 46

Vascular tissue system

Answer 46

Xylem and phloem, the conducting tissues that distribute water and solutes through a vascular plant

Question 47

Perennial

Answer 47

Flowering plant that lives for three or more growing seasons

Question 48

Heartwood

Answer 48

The innermost portion of a woody stem; a dry tissue that is a dumping ground for metabolic wastes

Question 49

Hardwoods

Answer 49

Dicot trees

Question 50

Node

Answer 50

Stem site where one or more leaves form

Question 51

Parenchyma

Answer 51

Simple tissue that makes up the bulk of a plant body. Roles in photosynthesis, storage, secretion, other tasks

Question 52

Vascular cylinder

Answer 52

Arrangement of vascular tissues as a central cylinder in roots

Question 53

Stoma

Answer 53

One of many gaps between two guard cells in leaf and stem epidermis. Opens and closes to control inward movement of carbon dioxide and outward movement of water vapor and oxygen, depending on whether conditions in environment call for water conservation

Question 54

Cuticle

Answer 54

Of plants, a transparent cover of waxes and cutin on outer epidermal cell walls

Question 55

Taproot system

Answer 55

A primary root and lateral branches; typical of dicots

Question 56

Fibrous root system

Answer 56

Root system in which adventitious roots arise from the stem, then lateral roots branch from these; typical of monocots

Question 57

Sieve-tube member

Answer 57

One of the cells that join together as phloem's sugar-conducting tubes

Question 58

Internode

Answer 58

Stem region between nodes